BUGLE-HORN. 



herb carpenter. The roots (says Smith) are 

 slightly astringent ; but the herb has little taste 

 or smell, and still less of any healing or vul- 

 Tlu- white variety abounds in 

 -ht ; and a flesh-coloured one has 

 sometimes been observed. In dry mountain- 

 ous situations the plant acquires a consider- 

 able degree ot ' hainm-.-s. The French, who 

 are great herbalists, utlinn, that "with bugle 

 and sanicle, n on- needs a surgeon." 



be r. -Minion bugle, Smith, in his 

 / ', (vol. iii. p. 6567), enumerates 



three other species, the alpine bugle, pyrami- 

 dal bugle, and ground pine or yellow bugle 

 y). 



.LE-UOKN (from bucula, a heifer). A 



wind-instrument, much more commonly em- 



iM the sports of the field formerly than 



at present. It has been, however, in our days, 



miu-h unproved for musical purposes by the 



u-tion of keys. 



HI<;i.i:-\\ i:i; D (Virginia* lycopus), a 

 creeping perennial found in the Middle States, 



ntiug swamps and moist woodlands, 

 producing minute white flowers in June and 

 July. It constitutes a prominent article in the 

 materia medica of certain German empirics, 

 in the city of Lancaster, and other parts of 

 Pennsylvania, who prescribe an infusion as 



;n remedy for a "dry liver," an infirmity 

 which, they allege, afflicts a large proportion 

 of those credulous persons who consult them. 

 (See F tor. Cctlrua.) 



lilLB (Lat. bulbus; Gr. &x&0- A bud 

 usually formed under ground, having very 



^cales, and capable of separating from 

 its parent plant. Occasionally it is produced 

 upon the stem, as in some lilies. It contains 

 the rudiments of the future plant, and partakes 

 of the character of the bud (which see). In 

 bulbous plants, as the tulip, onion, or lily, 

 what we generally call the root is in fact a 

 bulb or hybernaculum, or winter case, which 

 incloses and secures the embryo or future 

 shoot At the lower part of this bulb may be 

 observed a fleshy disk, knob, or tubercle, 

 whence proceed a number of fibres or threads. 

 This knob, with the fibres attached to and 

 hanging from it, is, properly speaking, the true 

 root; the upper part being only the cradle or 



y of the future stem, which, being re- 

 placed a certain number of times, the bulb 

 perishes; but not till it has produced at its 

 sides a number of smaller bulbs or cloves for 

 perpetuating the species. In bulbous plants, 

 where the stalk and former leaves of the plant 

 are sunk below, into the bulb, the radicles or 

 small fibres that hang from the bulb are to be 

 that is, the part which 



furnishes nourishment to the plant: the several 

 rinds and shells whereof the bulb chiefly con- 

 sists successively perish, and shrink up into 

 so many dry skins, betwixt which, and in their 

 centre, are formed other ieaves and shells, and 

 thus the bulb is perpetuated. There are several 

 kinds of bulbs; namely, 1. The tunicated bulb 

 (Bulbi'f \formedofthinmembranous 



:inple, the o/MOH .- 2. The scaly 

 bulb (B. sqvammosus), formed of fleshy abortiv 5 

 leaves, not in layers, as in the lily. The clove <, 

 which are produced between the scales rf 

 236 



BURGLARY. 



bulbs, are often, as it were, starved, when the 

 bulb throws up a vigorous flowering stem; 

 thence, in order to propagate bulbs, the flower- 

 ing stem should be destroyed as soon as it 

 appears. 



BULLACE TREE, WILD (Prunus insititia). 

 A small tree, chiefly growing in hedges and 

 plantations, with irregularly-spreading round 

 branches, for the most part tipped with a sharp 

 straight thorn. There are several varieties of 

 the black kind, differing in size and flavour, 

 some good even in a fresh state, and of more 

 or less excellence when dressed. (Smith's 

 Eg. Flor. vol. ii. p. 356). 



BULLEN. A provincial name applied to the 

 hempstalk when the bark is stripped from it. 



BULRUSH (Scirpus lacu.stris'). A peren- 

 nial found commonly in clear ditches, ponds, 

 and the borders of lakes and rivers; flowers 

 in July and August. (Smith's Flora, vol. i. 

 p. 56.) From this plant the bottoms of chairs, 

 mats, &c. are made. The common bulrushes 

 of the English marshes, which bear masses 

 of brown flowers, are the Typha latifolia and 

 angustifvlia. See RUSH. 



BUNIAS. The oriental bunias (Bimias 

 orient alls, PI. 9, fc) is a perennial plant, with 

 leaves, branches, and its general habit of 

 herbage, not unlike the wild chiccory. It is a 

 native of the Levant or eastern shores of the 

 Mediterranean, and has been cultivated by 

 way of experiment in the grass garden at 

 Woburn. It is less prodxictive than chiccory, 

 bears mowing well, and affords the same nu- 

 triment, in proportion to its bulk, as red clover. 

 (London's Ency. of Jlgr.} 



BUR. The rough head of the burdock, &c. 



BURDOCK (drctium). There are two spe- 

 cies, the A. lappa, common burdock or clot- 

 bur, and the Jl. lardana, woolly-headed bur- 

 dock. This very cumbrous weed is removed 

 the first year of its growth by stubbing, like 

 other things comprehended by farmers under 

 the name of docks, and paid for accordingly to 

 the weeder. It is also very commonly found 

 in waste ground, by waysides, and among 

 rubbish. (Smith's Eng. Flora, vol. iii. p. 379.) It 

 grows a yard high, with large leaves of a tri- 

 angular shape, and of a whitish green colour. 

 The stalks are round, solid, and tough. The 

 florets are small and red, and they grow among 

 the prickles of those heads called burs, which 

 stick to the clothes of passers-by. The root 

 is long and thick, brown outside, and whitish 

 within. The plant is a biennial, and flowers 

 in July and August. The root in decoction is 

 a diuretic and sudorific; but it is of little va- 

 lue, except as a vehicle for more important 

 medicines in some affections of the skin. This 

 is a great remedy among village doctresses, 

 who sometimes apply the bruised leaves to the 

 soles of the feet in hysterics. Either the root 

 or seeds decocted, or infused, are equally use- 

 ful with the leaves. The root of the lesser 

 burdock, or xanthium (Bardana minor'), has a 

 bitter and acrid flavour, and is useful in scro- 

 j fulous disorders. A decoction of the root 

 should be persevered in for a considerable 

 length of time. 



BURGLARY. The breaking into a dwell 

 ing-house in the eight with a felonious intent 



