CARROT. 



county this year o\ :ained 90 bushels on twelve 

 rods of ground. This was at the rate of 1200 

 bushels to the acre. 



"D. Moore, of Concord, Middlesex county, 

 0-om six rods of land, obtained this year 56 

 bushels ; or at the rate of 1493 bushels to the 

 acre. 



"According to Josiah Quincy's experience in 

 Quinrv, Plymouth county, charging labour at 

 one dollar per day his carrots cost him eleven 

 cents p-r bu.shH." David and Stephen Little, 

 in Newbury, Essex county, in 1813, obtained, 

 9;i bushels to the acre, at an expense of 

 $79.50 every expense included, excepting rent 

 of land. Thi> was at a rate less than nine 

 cents to a bushel." 



Mr. Colman subjoins, in an Appendix, an 

 account of an experiment made in feeding 

 swine, illustrating the value of this vegetable, 

 upon the authority of Arthur Young. 



"The great objection to the cultivation of 

 carrots lies in the difficulty of keeping them 

 while growing free from weeds. If sown 

 without any preparation, the seed is a long 

 time in germinating; and a plentiful crop of 

 weeds is liable to get possession of the land 

 before the carrots make their appearance. 

 There is another difficulty. The carrot seed 

 from its minuteness is liable to be sown too 

 thickly. To obviate in a degree these objec- 

 tions, let the ground be ploughed deeply, well 

 manured, and put in fine tilth ; and let the first 

 and perhaps the second crop of weeds be 

 ploughed in. After this let the land be thrown 

 into ridges two feet apart, and the seed sown 

 on top of the ridges either in a single line, or 

 the ridges be made so wide as to receive two 

 rows of carrots, eight inches or one foot apart. 

 In the mean time the seed should be freely 

 mixed with fine sand ; and the sand kept so 

 moist that the seed shall germinate. As soon 

 as it is sprouted it should be sown. This may 

 be so arranged that the sowing shall take place 

 about the first of June. They will then have 

 the start of the weeds. The mixture with sand 

 will prevent their being sown too thickly. After 

 the first thinning and weeding is over, if done 

 with care, the battle may be considered as won. 

 Afterwards let them be cultivated with a 

 plough or cultivator and kept clean. When 

 the time of digging arrives, the work will be 

 greatly facilitated by passing a plough directly 

 along the side of the carrots ; and they are 

 easily thrown out by the hand." 



CARROT, WILD (Daurus carola, PI. 10, o). 

 This common plant is abundant in pastures, 

 and about hedges, in a gravelly soil. It is 

 a biennial plant, flowering in June and July. 

 Its root is small, slender, aromatic, and sweet- 

 ish. It grows two feet high, branched, erect, 

 leafy; the stalks are firm and striated; the 

 leaves are divided into fine and numerous par- 

 titions, of a pale-green colour, being also hairy. 

 The flowers are in large umbels, with large, 

 pinnatifid involucres, and undivided involu- 

 cels, small and white, except the central flower, 

 vhich is red ; and they are succeeded by rough 

 seeds. This is one of those plants in which 

 we are able to perceive design. The seeds 

 equire to be protected, to produce which all 

 \h. flower-stalks become incurvated, making 

 268 



CART 



the umbel hollow, or giving it the aspect of a 

 cup or nest. The seed is medicinally used; it 

 is a powerful diuretic. An infusion of the 

 seeds in white wine is very restorative in hys- 

 terical disorders. 



The wild carrot is found in pastures, road- 

 sides, &c. in Pennsylvania and the Middle 

 States. Although much esteemed in Europe 

 as a food for milch-cows, it is regarded as ra- 

 ther a nuisance by the farmers in the United 

 States, and requires great exertion to destroy 

 and keep under when once introduced into 

 fields. (Flor. Cest.) 



CARRUCAGE (from caruca, an old name 

 for the plough). In husbandry, denotes the 

 ploughing of ground, either ordinary, as for 

 grain, hemp, flax; or, extraordinary, as for 

 woad, dyer's weed, rapeseed, &c. 



CARRUSATE. A term that anciently de- 

 noted the quantity of arable land capable of 

 being tilled in one year with one plough. 



CARRYING. A term used in horsemanship 

 A horse is said to carry low, when, having na- 

 turally an ill-shaped neck, he lowers his head 

 too much. This fault may be remedied by a 

 proper bridle. A horse is said to carry well, 

 when his neck is raised or arched, and he holds 

 his head high and firm, without constraint. 

 Carrying in the wind, is applied to horses which 

 frequently toss their noses as high as their 

 ears, and do not carry their heads hand- 

 somely. 



CARSE. A provincial term applied to such 

 lands as lie in the hollows near large rivers or 

 estuaries of the sea, and have a deep rich soil. 

 The carse of Gowrie, in Scotland, yields the 

 heaviest crops of grain north of the Tweed. 

 Such lands are either of the deep clayey loamy 

 kind, or alluvial soils in a state of aration. 



CART. A vehicle constructed with two 01 

 more wheels, and drawn by one or more horses 

 Half a century since, Lord Robert Seymour 

 advocated the cause of the single-horse cart: 

 he observed, that the advantages of single-horse 

 carts are universally admitted, wherever they 

 have been attentively compared with carnages 

 of any other description. By his own observa- 

 tion he was led to think that a horse when he 

 acts singly, will do half as much more work 

 as when he acts in conjunction with another; 

 that is to say, that two horses will, separately, 

 do as much work as three conjunctively : this 

 arises, he believes, in the first place, from the 

 single horse being so near the load he draws ; 

 and, in the next place, from the point or line 

 of draught being so much below his breast 

 it being usual to make the wheels of single- 

 horse carts very low. A. horse harnessed sin- 

 gly has nothing but his load to contend with; 

 whereas, when he draws in conjunction with 

 another, he is generally embarrassed by some 

 difference of rate, the horse behind or before 

 him being quicker or slower than himself; he 

 is likewise frequently inconvenienced by the 

 greater or lesser height of his neighbour: 

 these considerations gave, he conceived, a de- 

 cided advantage to the sort of cart he recom- 

 mended. If any other is wanted, that of the 

 very great ease with which a low cart is filled 

 may be added ; as a man may load it with the 

 help of a long-handled shovel or fork, by means 



