FARM- YARD MANURE. 



FARM- YARD MANURE. 



fielded M. Saussure 48 parts of ashes ; .he 

 same quantity of the dry straw of barley yieuled 

 42 parts of ashes. The portion dissipated by 

 the fire would be principally carbon (char- 

 coal), carburetted hydrogen gas, and water: 

 100 parts of these ashes are composed of 



Part*. 



Various soluble salts, principally carbon- 

 ate and sulphate of potash - - -22-50 

 Phonph:it: HI lime (earthy salt of bones) - 6-9 

 Chalk (carbonate of lime) ... 1 



Silica (Hint) 61-50 



llic oxide (principally iron) - - 1 



Less - 



100 



The straw of barley contains the same in- 

 gredients, only in rather different proportions. 



The fresh urine of the cow has been ana- 

 lyzed by Mr. Brande ; he found in 100 parts 

 the following ingredients : 



Parts. 



Water ........ 65 



Phosphate of lime ------ 3 



Muriate of potash, muriate of magnesia - 15 



Sulphate of potash - - - - - 6 



Carbonate of potash, carbonate of ammonia 4 



Urea ........ 4 



Loss ........ 3 



The urine of cattle, after it had been putre- 

 fying for a month, was analyzed by Dr. Spren- 

 gel, and found to contain the following ingre- 

 di mts : 



Parts by 

 Weight. 

 -- 95-442 



Water ----., 



Urea, and resinous matter 

 Mucus --__-, 

 Benzoic acid ] Combined with C 

 Lactic acid I potash, soda, j < 

 Acetic acid j and ammonia,] 

 Carbonic acid J forming salts ^. 

 Ammonia partly uncombined - 

 Potash ----... 



Soda --_-___ 

 Sulphuric acid ------ 



Phosphoric acid - 



Chlorine ------- 



Lime 



Magnesia ------- 



Sulphuretted hydrogen - 



Silica --..... 



Oxide of iron ------ 



Sediment (phosphate and carbonate of 

 lime,and magnesia, alumina, &c.) - -18 



04 



25 



5 



001 



165 



487 



664 



554 



338 



026 



272 



002 



022 



001 



005 



100-000 

 {Jour. Roy. Agr. Soe. vol. vi. p. 467.) 



According to Block, 100 Ibs. of chopped rye 

 straw, given as fodder to horses, yield 42 Ibs. ; 

 100 Ibs. of hay, 45 Ibs.; 100 Ibs. of oats, 51 

 Ibs.; 100 Ibs. of rye, 53 Ibs. of dried excre- 

 ments (fluid and solid). The solid excrements 

 of horses fed on hay, oats, and straw, contain, 

 according to the analysis of M. Zierl, in 1000 

 parts 



Parti. 



Water ..... 698 



Picromel and salts ..... 20 

 Bilious and extractive matter ... 17 

 Green matter, albumen, mucus, &c. 63 



Vegetable fibre, and remains of food - 202 



1000 



These, when burnt, yielded to the same 

 chemist 60 parts by weight of ashes, which 

 were composed of 



Parti. 



Carbonate, sulphate, and muriate of soda 5 

 Carbonate and phosphate of lime 9 



Silica ........ 4ft 



(J<rnr. Roy. Jlgr. Soc. vol. i. p. 489.) 

 456 



1 000 parts of the urine of the horse contain, 

 according to the analysis of MM. Fourcroy and 

 Vauquelin (Thomson's Chem. vol. iv. p. 348). 



Part*. 



Carbonate of lime (chalk) - - - - 11 



Carbonate of soda ..... 9 



IJeiiioate of soda ..... 24 



Muriate of potash ----- 



Urea 7 



Water and mucilage ----- 940 



1000 



The faeces of cat^t fed principally on turnips 

 have been analyzed by M. Einhof. 100 parts 

 evaporated to dryness yielded 28$ parts of 

 solid matter; the 71g parts lost in drying 

 would consist principally of water and some 

 ammoniacal salts. In half a pound, or 3840 

 grains, he found 45 grains of sand ; and by dif- 

 fusing it through water he obtained about 600 

 grains of a yellow fibrous matter, resembling 

 that of plants, mixed with a very considerable 

 quantity of slimy matter. By evaporating the 

 faeces to dryness, and then burning them, he 

 obtained an ash which contained, besides the 

 sand, the following substances : 



Part* 



Lime -----.-12 



Phosphate of lime - .... 12-5 



Magnesia -------2 



Iron -.-.-__. 5 

 Alumina, with some manganese - - 14 

 Silica --.--..52 

 Muriate and sulphate of potash - - 1-2 



The ingredients of which the urine and 

 faeces of cattle are composed, will, of course, 

 differ slightly in different animals of the same 

 kind, and according to the different food upon 

 which they are fed ; but this difference will not 

 in any case be found very material. 



The excrements of the sheep have been ex- 

 amined by Block ; according to him, every 100 

 Ibs. of rye-straw given as fodder to sheep yield 

 40 Ibs. of excrements (fluid and solid) ; from 

 100 Ibs. of hay, 42 Ibs.; from 100 Ibs. of pota- 

 toes, 13 Ibs.; from 100 Ibs. of green clover, 8 

 Ibs.; and from 100 Ibs. of oats, 49 Ibs. of dry 

 excrement. The solid excrements of sheep 

 fed on hay were examined by Zierl : 1000 parts 

 by weight, being burnt, yielded 96 parts of 

 ashes, which were found to consist of 



Carbonate, sulphate, and muriate of soda 

 Carbonate and phosphate of lime 

 Silica 



Part*. 



16 



100 parts of the urine of sheep kept at grass 

 contained 



Part*. 



Water ... - -96 



Urea, albumen, &c. - - - - 2-8 



Salts of potash, soda, lime, magnesia, &c. 1-2 



100-0 

 (.Journ. Roy. Agr. Soc. vol. i. p. 482.) 



The urine of the pig has been examined by 

 Dr. Sprengel (ibid. p. 492) ; he found in 100 

 parts of that of the animal fed on corn offal 



Partt. 



Water 92-6 



Urea, mucus, albumen, &c. - - - 5 - 64 

 Common salt, muriate of potash, gypsum, 

 chalk, and glauber salt - - - 1'76 



100-00 



Such are the principal constituents of the 

 manure from a farm-yard ; but of these, most 



