RICE, WILD. 



ROLLERS. 



1898 - 



1838 - 

 1841 - 



#2,455,000 

 3,555,000 



2,r>is,7:o 

 1.7-2 1. -Mil 

 2,010,107 



rice with the fingers. Keep dry and hoe through 

 the field. Hoe the third time and pick clean. 

 This will be about the beginning of July. Then 

 flood as you hoe. Let the water be the same 

 depth as before. If any grass has escaped, it 

 must be picked in the water after it shoots out. 

 This is called the fourth hoeing, but the hoe is 

 never used except for some high places or to 

 clean the dams. If the rice is flaggy and likely 

 to lodge, flood deep to support it, and keep ft 

 on until fit to harvest. (Domestic Encyclopedia.) 



If land is well drained and in good order, it is 

 calculated that 5 acres of rice and 1 or 1 of 

 provisions may easily be cultivated to the hand. 



Rice was formerly almost altogether export- 

 ed in the form of clean rice, but at present the 

 largest amount of that taken to England is in 

 the husk or rough state, called paddy or cargo 

 rice. The rice crop for 1842 has been esti- 

 mated by Mr. Ellsworth at 94.007,484 pounds. 



The following statement shows the annual 

 quantities and value of rice exported from the 

 United States at different periods: 



Yean. Export* in Tiereo. Value. 



17!'l - - - 06.W80 



17'.)V! - - 14l.7r>2 



1HI.1 - 



88,181 

 112,963 



71,018 



10 1. (.17 



(Hunt's Merchants' Magaiine, July, 1843.) 



RICE WEEVIL. See GRAIX WEEVIL. 



RICE, WILD (Zizania). Nuttall mentions 

 three species of aquatic grasses, called wild 

 rice, found in the United States, viz.: the Zi:u>iia 

 (PI. 4", r) ; Z. miliacea : and the Z. flui- 

 I'his la^t is very small and easily con- 

 founded with other aquatic grasses. He found 

 it around Savannah in Georgia. 



The Z.<i<jii(itic(i is found in almost every part 

 of the Northern and Middle States, where it 

 goes by the names of water oats, Indian rice, 

 and reed. The seeds resemble those of Polish 

 millet. It is exceedingly prolific. The root is 

 perennial. It grows in swampy places, and in 

 deep water at the edges of ponds and sluggish 

 streams. Stock of all descriptions are fond of 

 the plant when green, or cured as hay. It re- 

 sembles, at a distance, slender shoots of Indian 

 corn. The stems are jointed, and as large as 

 the little finger. The panicle or head is a foot 

 or more in length, and the seeds blackish, 

 smooth, narrow, cylindrical, about three-quar- 

 ters of an inch long, white and farinaceous 

 within. Gilleland's Ohio and Mississippi Pilot 

 contains the following interesting details rela- 

 tive to wild rice: "Among the vegetable pro- 

 ductions of the Western Territory north of Illi- 

 nois and west of Green Bay, on the Ouiscon- 

 sin and Fox rivers, the wild rice, called Folle 

 avoine by the French, and Menomen by the In- 

 dians, claims particular attention. It grows in 

 inexhaustible abundance, through all parts of 

 the territory, in almost every one of the innu- 

 merable lakes, ponds, bays, rivers, and creeks. 

 It is said to be as palatable and as nourishing 

 as common rkjp, and if so, it *r : ll be incom- 

 parably more valuable. It grows where the 

 water is from 4 to 6 feet deep, and where the 

 bottom is not hard or sandy. It rises above 

 the surface of the water from 4 to 8 feet, and 



is often so tnick as almost to prevent canoes from 

 passing through or among it. The stalk is soft 

 like the bulrush, but grows in joints like reed- 

 cane, which it much resembles. It is usual for 

 the Indians to force their canoes through it, 

 just before it ripens, and tie it in large bunchts 

 for the purpose of preventing the wild ducks 

 and geese from breaking it down and destroy- 

 ing it. When fully ripe, they pass through it 

 again, and, spreading their blankets in the 

 inside of their canoes, they bend the branches 

 of the wild rice over them, and thresh off the 

 grain with sticks; an operation which requires 

 little time, and is generally performed by the 

 women. After drying it in the sun, they put it 

 into skins, for future use. Every autumn and 

 spring the wild ducks and geese resort to th 

 wild rice lakes in flocks incredibly numerous. 

 It is thought by many that the Zizania <t<jitatic^ 

 will some day be an object of culture, which 

 may afford a means of bringing into use large 

 tracts of inundated land." 



RICK. A pile of corn, hay, straw, &c., regu- 

 larly heaped up in the open air, and sheltered 

 from wet by thatch. See STACK. 



RIDDLE. A sort of sieve used to separate 

 dust and the seeds of plants from corn. They 

 are made of various sizes for different uses. 



RIGGIL. An imperfect male sheep, having 

 only one or no testicle in the scrotum. 



RIME. A hoary or white frosty appearance, 

 sometimes on the ground in the autumnal, 

 winter, and early spring mornings. See DEW 

 and FHUST. 



RING-BONE. In farriery, a callus growing 

 in the hollow circle of the little pastern of a 

 horse, just above the coronet. It has its name 

 from the resemblance to a ring. 



RINGS, FAIRY. See FAIRY RING. 



RIPPLE GRASS. A popular name of the 

 English plantain (P. lanceolatci) . 



ROADS. See HIGHWAYS. 



ROARING. In farriery, a disease well known 

 to jockeys and horse-dealers, which usually ac- 

 companies or precedes broken wind. It is 

 generally the result of long-continued or vio- 

 lent exercises. It is connected with dilatation 

 of the air-cells of the lungs, and is incurable. 

 See BROKEN WIND. 



ROCHAMBOLE. See GARLIC. 



ROCK CRESS. See CHESS, WALL. 



ROLLERS. An implement of simple con- 

 struction, like the roller, the main object of which 

 is to render smooth the surface of arable lands, 

 would not seem to admit apparently of much va- 

 riety in its construction. Nevertheless, it is an 

 implement in which greater diversity of form is 

 found to exist than in most other agricultural 

 machines. Rollers are of all sizes, weights, 

 and lengths ; and the material of which they 

 are made is occasionally iron, sometimes stone, 

 but most commonly wood. Of these, the first 

 is undoubtedly the best, and particularly for 

 the jointed roller, by which the operation of 

 turning at the ends of the ridges is materially 

 facilitated, and the slading of the earth which 

 would otherwise take place on the head-lands, 

 not only to their great detriment, but to the no 

 small increase of labour to the horses, is there- 

 by prevented. 



An ingenious gentleman, tnt, .ate George 



J51 



