YIN i-:. 



VINE. 



apn^aranc' 1 . 



JjYioi liiillet or Bul1 s ra P 1S 



crint-d t.y Bartram as having A stiff, ligneous, 

 smooth stem, of pale ash colour, and mounts to 



agreat height by climbing up trees. 



The leaves 



are cordated and serrated, thin, and both sur- 

 faces naked or smooth. The racemes or fruit 

 bunches short, containing 15 or 20 grapes at a 

 medium. The berries or acini are large " 





Average cost, say, $300 per acre I. ,&<()(). 00 



In this instance the vineyard was on a gentle 

 declivity, not requiring terracing or benching; 

 nor was there much stone to remove, both of 

 which would have added much to the expense. 

 " By proper economy," Mr. B. says, "a man 

 may have a vineyard of several acres in a few 



the stxe of a rifle ball ; of a black colour when years, without feeling the expense to be burthen- 

 ripe; having a bluish nebule over them, which SO me. Commence by trenching with tho spade 



, .^L_.. ~f . A~.*. n MnnA m. % Qr yL f ee t in the fall or winter, and planting 



out in spring. Next year another acre, and so 

 on for five or six years. After the third year he 

 will have his own cuttings from the first acre, 

 and also grapes enough to pay the cost of planting 

 the succeeding additions to his vineyards. The 

 stakes can be got out in winter at little cost in 

 money, and in this way a vineyard of six acres 

 might be established at one half the cost of the 

 estimate just given." 



Mr. B. estimates the cost of vineyards in 

 trenched ground at $200 to $350 per acre^ac- 

 cording to situation and condition of the soil, and 



1 off they appear of a deep blood co- 

 lour. In figure they approach to an ellipsis or 

 prolate spheroid ; however, at a little distance 

 {hey appear black and round. This species is 

 deservedly esteemed the best native grape in 

 i. ami would make a rich and delicious 

 wine. The juice is sweet, rich, and lively, and 

 there is but little of the tough, jelly-like sub- 

 stance enclosing the seed. The skin of the 

 grape is rather thick, yet there is a sweet, melt- 

 ing pulp within, which mixes with the saccharine 

 ; .vhen eaten. This undoubtedly is the 

 nerican grape which merits attention and 



cultivation for wine. It thrives in every soil 

 and situation, from the sea-coast to the moun- 

 ii thrives and is fruitful when grow- 

 ing in the barren sandhills of Carolina and Flo- 

 I.M." 



After describing these distinct varieties of 

 grapes found in the United States, Mr. Bartram 

 mentions several others which he considers de- 

 rived from a commixture of those described, as 



the judicious economy displayed in the manage- 

 ment. 



The expenses of attending a vineyard will be 

 comparatively small where there are workers in 

 the family. But where hired hands have to be 

 employed, in Ohio a vineyard of 6 acres will 

 cost for a vine dresser, who boards'himself, $210 

 per annum ; assistants in pruning, $25 ; assistance 

 in the spring culture, $40, and summer culture, 



Taster's grape ; Eland's grape ; \ $55 . j n a ll $360, or at the rate of 60 per acre. 

 Kufoon arapt. Other varieties, possessing still i Where the cuttings can be sold for $2 to 2.5C 

 superior properties, have since been added, such | per 1000, it will reduce the sum about $100. 

 as the Iilxlla, Powell, Catatoba, Scuppernon, The vineyard should be laid off with a line, 

 &C., already mentioned. so as to make rows 5| to 7 feet apart, with the 



Although so short a time has elapsed since the vines 3 to 4 feet asunder. The more level the 

 M observations relative to the grapes and ground, the farther apart should be the vines, so 

 t'ueir culture in the United States were written, J as to give freer access to the sun and air. Mark 

 vineyards have become an important branch of j with a stick about 15 inches long, every place 

 husbandry in various parts of the United States, where a vine is to grow, digging a hole a foot 

 especially in the valley of the Ohio. d ee p in which two cuttings are to be placed in a 



An interesting publication, made in 1850 by j slanting position, separated 6 or 8 inches at the 

 R. Bichanan, Esq., of Cincinnati, furnishes in a ! bottom, and one inch at the top of the hole. 

 smau space, a very great amount of instructive | Cover with a shovelful of rich vegetable mould 

 information relative to this culture and wine ; f rO m the woods, leaving the top eye of each cut- 

 making, as carried on in the vicinity of Cincinnati, ting even with the surface, or, if the weather be 

 '". general intelligence and capital of the dry, covered with the light mould half an inch or 

 Americans is seconded by the practical expe- an inch. If both cuttings grow, one should be re 

 rience of the very numerous German settlers. 



The soil where these vineyards are mostly 

 planted gives, on analysis, from 3 to 4 per cent. 

 f carbonate of lime, with oxide of .iron from 

 * per cent, to 0-30; vegetable matter, 10 to 13 

 per cent. ; sand and clay, about 80 per cent. 



Mr. B. give*, from his own experience, the 

 following estimate of the cost of a vineyard of 

 acre- - 14,400 vines; the details are 



highly interesting, as showing the several opera- 



tions to be performed, and cost of each. 

 Trenrhinc two tot deep, 965 per acre 1 . 



60.00 



Cot of 30,000 cuttings, at &J30 per thousand 75 .00 



TO 00 



i Ve. at 3 per hundred 435 00 



55.00 



Coat of attending the firt yenr vine dresser, 



216. and a hand for one month, 815, fund 



board themplve* v 933100 



Second yr_ --M6. nnda hand fo: ' 



two months, at 815 per month oy> no Wltn the plough, using only the two-pronged 



moved or cut off the following spring, leaving but 

 one to each stake. To preserve and prepare the 

 cuttings, the trimmings pruned from the vines 

 should be buried in the earth ; about the last of 

 March or first of April, the proper time for 

 planting, cuttings may be made, having each 4 

 eyes or joints, taken from ripe wood ; and if 

 some of the old wood is left on, so much th 

 better. Cut them off close below the lowe. 

 joint, and about an inch above the upper. Some 

 have recommended planting with roots 2 years 

 old, but experience seems to be in favour of 

 planting cuttinss, as the most thrifty vines are 

 those which have never been transplanted or 

 disturbed. 



Treatment of the Young Vineyard. The, first 

 yfir, keep the ground clean and free from weeds, 

 with the hoe ; many use the plough as being more 

 expeditious and economical, but the more careful 

 vine dressers who can afford it, never cultivate 



Cutting*. ffter first year, to replace failures, sav 20 00 German hoe, made especially for the purpose. 



" 



