WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 



Its multiples are the peck, the bushel, and the 

 quarter ; the peck being 2 gallons, the bushel 

 4 pecks, and the quarter 8 bushels. The fol- 

 lowing are the rotations : 



Cvtoc or SoM Measure 

 m* eobk Inches make - 



40 fct -f roiifh timber \ 

 M fret of hewn Umber f 



1 cubic foot. 

 1 cubic yard. 

 , , d 



This comprehends length, breadth, and thick- 



And 108 solid feet, that is, 12 feet in length, 

 3 feet in breadth, and 3 feet deep, or commonly 

 14 feel long, 3 feel I inch broad, and 3 feet 1 

 inch deep, are a stack of wood. 



And 1*8 solid feet, that is, 8 feet long, 4 feet 

 broad, and 4 feet deep, are a cord of wood. 



Grain Measures. 





1000 

 1021 

 4427 

 3157 

 1479 

 159 

 1451 



Nanfrqual 

 (o Enilifh 



Hn irt.T-. 



7827 

 1807 

 2534 

 5409 

 5003 

 5513 



Name of 

 Measure. 



Setior. 



Mudde. 



flcheffel. 



Fanapa. 



Korzee. 



1 pints 



;e= 



(London's Eneyc. of Agr. p. 20.) 



Englith Com Measures. 



SB 1 pint = 34f cubic in. 



=r 1 quart = 69J 



= 1 gallon = 277^ 



= 1 peck = 544i 



= 1 bushel = 2218* 



1 quarter = 10j cubic ft. 



1 load = 51* 



Squatter* as 

 See BuftRtL, PECK, QUARTER. 



The Winchester quarter is more than the 

 Imperial quarter, being in the proportion of 1 

 to 0-96945. The English Imperial quarter, in 

 estimating weight, means the i of a ton of 2240 

 Ibs. 560 Ibs. or 1 quarter. 



iA Mtaturei of Wood and other Fuel. 

 v KX!, being the bigger sort of fire-wood, 

 is measured by a cord or line, whereof there 

 ire two measures ; that of 14 feet in length, 3 

 feet in breadth, and 3 feet in height. The other 

 is 8 feet in leneth, 4 feet in height, and 4 feet 

 in breadth. This last is generally adopted in 



IfVt'j-A/j. Weights are used to ascertain 

 th gravity of bodies, a quality depending part- 

 ly on their magnitude and partly on their den- 

 The determination of the gravity or 

 weight of different bodies supposes the in- 

 he balance. Nothing is known of 

 ps which led to its introduction; but it 

 the remotest antiquity. Weights 

 hav* frequently bv>n derived from grains of 

 Hence ir England, and in some other 

 European countries, the lowest denomination 

 a trrain .- and 32 of these grains are 

 directed, by the ancient statute, called Composi- 

 te JfrMJttrarwn, t3 compose a pennyweight, 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 



whereof 20 make an ounce, 12 ounces a pound, 

 and so upwards. 



Tables of Weights and Measures according to the 

 Imperial Standard. 



Avoirdupois Weight. 



1 drachm = 

 16 drachms 1 ounce = 



16 ounces 1 pound 



28 pounds 1 quartercwt.= 

 4 quarters 1 cwt. = 



French gramme*. 



1*771 



28*346 



453*544 



12 099 kilogram. 

 50-796 



20cwt. 



1 ton. 



= 1015920 



1 clove. 



1 wey in Essex. 

 1 wey in Suffolk. 

 1 firkin of butter. 



In England the stone is generally 14 lbs\ 

 avoirdupois weight, but for butchers' meat or 

 fish it is 8 Ibs. Hence the cwt. equals 8 stone 

 of 14 Ibs., or 14 stone of 8 Ibs. 



Hay and straw are sold by the load of 36 

 trusses. See HAT and TRUSS. 



The custom of allowing more than 16 ounces 

 to the pound of butter used to be very general 

 in several parts of England. 



Wool Weight. Like all other bulky articles, 

 wool is weighed by avoirdupois weight, but the 

 divisions differ thus, 



7 pounds = 1 clove. 



2 cloves = 1 stone. 



2 stone = 1 tod. 



6 tods = 1 wey. 



2 weys = 1 sack. 



12 sacks = 1 last. 



Cheese and butter. 



8 pounds = 



32 cloves = 



42 cloves = 

 56 pounds 



Miscellaneous Information relative to Weights 

 and Measures. Specific gravity is determined 

 by weighing the substance first in air, and then, 

 in water at the temperature of 60 Fahrenheit. 

 In the latter case the substance loses of its 

 weight a quantity precisely equal to the weight 

 of its own bulk of water. The total weight in 

 air is then divided by the loss of weight in water, 

 and the quotient is the specific gravity. This 

 is either over or under that of pure water, 

 which is the standard of comparison. The 

 standard of weights is, the cubic inch of dis- 

 tilled water, weighing 253-458 Troy grains; 

 the Troy pound, 5760 grains, or 22-8157 inches. 

 The same standard of 7000 Troy grains makes 

 the pound avoirdupois, 27-7274 cubic inches; 

 10 of which, or 277-274, being the imperial 

 gallon, or a quart 69-32; and a gill of 5 ounces 

 of water, equal to 8-664. 



The specific gravity of water being 1*000, 

 that of alcohol, pure, is 0-829; beer, 1-034; 

 cider, 1-018; milk, 1-032; linseed oil, 0-94 ; 

 vinegar, 1*025; sea-water, 1-026; ox bone, 

 1-666; brass, 7-824; brick, 2-; cork, 0-24; gold, 

 19-2587; granite, 2-728; bar-iron, 7-68; lead, 

 11-352; lignum vitae, 1*33; mahogany, 1-06; 

 marble, 2-716; mercury, 13-58; oak, 1-17; 

 platina, 20-722; silver, 10-474; clay-slate, 2-67; 

 tin, 10*717; limestone, 1-386; elm, 0*671 ; ho- 

 ney, 1-45. (Treasury of Knoivledge.) 



A cubic foot of loose earth or sand weighs 

 95 Ibs. 



A cubic ft. of common soil weighs 124 Ibs. 

 " " strong soil, " 127 

 " clay, " 135 



" " mason's work " 205 " 

 " " distilled water, 62-5 



" " cast-iron, 450-45** 



" steel, " 489-8 u 



