1907 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS, FORESTS AND MINES. 91 



General 'Features. 



The township is situated on the verge of the clay belt and except for 

 part of the southwest quarter is practically level and for the most part 

 rolling clay land. Numerous creeks found have cut the surface into deep 

 ravines especially is this noticeable on both sides of Mattagami river and 

 for some distance on each side of this river. Stretches of muskeg are 

 scattered throughout the township, the largest area being in the eastern 

 part and are moss covered to some depth. 



Soil. 



The soil for the most part was found to be clay loam, in some parts 

 covered to some depth with black muck and moss, but which could be easily 

 drained and burned. I would consider about seventy-five per cent, of the 

 land area to be good agricultural land. 



Rock. 



Rock was encountered on lots six to twelve, concession one, six to ten, 

 concession two, and seven to twelve, concession three, and was mostly of 

 slate, some diabase, no indications of economic minerals were found. On 

 lot eight, concessions two and three, there is a very high rocky hill from 

 which the surrounding country could be viewed in every direction and 

 which gradually descends to south and west. Boulders were numerous on 

 lot eight and nine, concession three, and along concession two, lots eight, 

 ten and eleven, also on line between ten and eleven, concession two. 



Timber. 



The township is well timbered throughout, cedar, spruce and balsam 

 being most prominent along the river banks. On the higher ground back 

 from the rivers are large, white spruce, balm of Gilead, poplar, white 

 birch to six or eight inches and balsam. 



Timber seemed to increase in size towards the rivers. The rocky hills 

 in the southwestern part of the township were mostly covered with small 

 Banksian pine About sixty per cent, of the township was thickly grown 

 with tag-alders and other underbrush, making the work slow and laborious. 

 Along the north boundary a brule of six or seven years' age was met with on 

 lots four and five and extending west to the river. Also in the northwestern 

 part of the township a brule of apparently the same age was found and is 

 shown on accompanying timber plan. 



Water. 



As will be seen from accompanying plans the township is well watered 

 by rivers and numerous small creeks. Only three very small lakes or ponds 

 were found, around which were marshy shores or floating muskeg. The 

 Mattagami river enters the township in lot three, concession one, following 

 an irregular course northwesterly and leaving in lot six, concession six, and 

 is an average width of three chains and seventy-five links, being much 

 swollen on account of incessant rains. The north branqh of the Kamiskotia 

 river enters the township from the northwest in lot twelve, concession six, 

 flowing southeasterly over numerous rapids filled with rocks and boulders 



