98 REPORT OF THE No. 3 



Fire burnt over some comparatively small areas about 1905 or 1906, the 

 largest of tbese burnt portions is near the east boundary, evidently starting 

 from the Abitibi river. 



Soil. 



Sandy loam was found in a few places, while throughout the greater 

 part of the country the soil is clay or clay loam, overlying which is a layer 

 of vegetable matter several inches in thickness on the higher lands, and from 

 one to three feet thick on the wet land ; and evidently this soil is well adapted 

 for agriculture. 



Rock. 



At the different rapids in the Frederick House and Abitibi rivers, expo- 

 sures of Laurentian gneiss and. boulders of the same age occur, and also at 

 lot twenty-two in the sixth and seventh concessions where a rapid stream 

 flows over rocky beds of similar formation. 



Aside from these exposures at the water levels of the streams, only one 

 outcropping was observed, this is on lot eighteen in the fourth concession, 

 where a ridge of gneissoid rock is exposed for a short distance. No indi- 

 cations of minerals of economic value were noticed. 



Water. 



The Abitibi river flows through the northeast corner of the township 

 with a modeitate current, leaving the township on lot three, and is again 

 crossed by the north boundary at lot twenty-eight, about five chains down 

 stream from Kettle Falls; from here to the west boundary the current is 

 quite strong and the river wide and shallow. 



The Frederick House river, through the first and second concessions, 

 flows with a continuous rapid current over a rocky bed, strewn with boul- 

 ders and stones, making it a difiicult stream to navigate with canoes; below 

 this stretch of rapids this river becomes a large stream of from five to eight 

 chains in width, flowing smoothly between gently sloping clay banks, until it 

 discharges into the Abitibi, a quarter of a mile west of the township; the 

 only break occurs in the seventh concession where a small rocky island causes 

 a short rapid with a fall of one foot. 



A stream of one chain in width enters the township from the south on 

 lot twenty-five, and flows with average current through level country until 

 it reaches the fifth concession, while from here until it empties 

 into the Frederick House river this stream is a succession of rapids flowing 

 over a bed of boulders and stones. 



At a fall and rapids on lot twenty-two, concession seven, a head of 

 twenty feet could be obtained, but the volume of water in this stream becomes 

 so small at low water that as a water power it would be of little value. 



Several small lakes are scattered over the township, they are generally 

 shallow with low marshy shores. 



The water in these lakes and in the smaller streams is clear and of good 

 quality. 



General Features. 



In the vicinity of the rivers and extending for about one mile on each 

 side, the land is rolling or undulating, and free from stone or boulders, while 

 the surface of the country is from twenty to fifty feet above the surface of 

 the water in the streams ; this portion will become desirable agricultural 

 land when cleared. 



