AIND GAR DENE lis 



JOURNAL. 



Hlll'.LISIICl) UY JOSEPH HliECK & CO., NO. 52 NOlM'il MARKET STIIEET, (Acimcultural Wabehouse.)-T. G. TKhSKNUEN, EDITOR. 



VOL. XVI. 



BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 19, 1837 



NU. 2. 



^W^V!:^mL^W^£^^=i 



TO THE 



FARMERS OF MASSACHUSETTS. 



(Concliidtid.) 



Having thus given a sketch of the manner in 

 wliich it is proposed to conduct the inquiries on 

 particuhir suhjects, in respect to which it would 

 confer an obligation on me to have your sugges- 

 tions, or those of any other exfierienced farmer, I 

 proceed to other great toiiics to hu emhraced by 

 the survey. 



XH. Manures. 



1. Animal manures. 

 Animal e.xcrenients ; varieties ; comparnlive 



value ; preparations ; uses. 



Decayed bodies. Refuse of slaughter house. 



Bone ; horn ; hair ; feathers ; wool. 



Fish; fish oil ; Gurry and blubber; Soapsuds. 



2. Mineral manures. 

 Lime in various forms and compounds. 

 Salt; Marine shells; Gypsum; Ulay ; Sand; 



Marl. 



Dock mud ; ashes of mineral coal ; Burnt clay. 



3. Vegetable manures. 

 Ashes of wood and peat ; soot ; tanners' waste ; 



straw. 



Leaves; sea weeds; rape dust; street manure. 



Green dressings, ploughed in ; buck wheat ; 

 clover. 



4. Artificial manures. Composts. 



5. Modes of applying manure. 

 Mixed or clear; scflid or liquid ; in drill or in 



broadcast ; in fresh or fermented and decayed 

 state; — at what season of the year or crop ; — an- 

 ninilly, or how often ; in what quantity. 



Use and application to permanent pastures and 

 mowing lancU. 



6. Manure liouses or cellars ; vaults for the 

 preservation of urine; and provisions for forming 

 compost manures. 



Machines for the application of liquid manure. 



XIII. Live Stock. 



1. Black cattle ; horses ; sheep ; swine ; 

 poultry. 



2. Comparative value of diflferent breeils of 

 animals for stall, work and dairy : and notices of 

 herds or individuals of improved breeds, with pla- 

 ces where found. 



3. Animals known among us. Native ; Here- 

 ford ; Black Sjiatiish ; Devon ; Ilolderness ; York- 

 shire ; Alderney ; Ayrshire. 



Improved Durham short horns. 



4. The subject of Breeding. 



XIV. Animals for Labor. 

 Horses and oxen ; comparative value ; nuiles ; 



cost of keep ;" harness ; shoeing ; deterioration or 

 improvement. 



XV. Animals for Beef. 

 1. Sex most eligible. 



2. How reared ; as calves, how fed ; how 

 long with the cow ; how managed the first win- 

 ter. 



3. What age at maturity. Ago best for fat- 

 tening. 



4. If pastured— average number of acres to 



an animal. 



5. If soiled ; how managed and fed. 



6. If stalled on dry feed, how fed; how long 

 kei 1 1 amount of hay consumed per day ; of meal ; 

 of vegetables ; kinds of meal ; kinds of vegeta- 

 bles ; how (irepared ; meal ground with or with- 

 out cob ; mixed or unmixed ; wet or dry ; cook- 

 ed or raw. 



7. Use of flaxseed ; oil, and oil cake in fat- 

 tening. 



8. Gain per day ; per month. 



9. Machines for cutting and steaming food. 

 XV!. Maiket; returns of Brighton and Dan- 



vers Markets. 



1. Animals— how sold — on the hoof, or by 

 weight after slaughter. If by weight, how deter- 

 mined ; customs of butchers ; what parts weigh- 

 ed ; what considered as perquisites. Liabilities 

 to error or fraud, if any ; customs in other mar- 

 kets. 



2. Different parts — how disposed of; rela- 

 tive value. 



3. Modes of curing, packing, inspecting beef, 



pork, hams, &;c. &c. 



4. Drift of animals ; customs of drovers ; ex- 

 penses ; loss in weight by travelling. 



XVII. Animals for the Dairy. 



1. Choice of breeds ; examples and history 

 of Cows of extraordinary product. ■ 



2. Size end color as afl'ecting produce ; con- 

 tinuance in milking ; eflects of early coming in ; 

 disposition of the calf; times of milking, 



3. Average yield of a good cow in milk ; in 

 butter; in cheese. 



4. Trials of milk as to quantity of cream ; 

 of butter; and of cheese, per gallon. 



5. Modes of feeding ; vegetables ; grain or 

 meal ; how given or prepared ; quantity. 



XVIII. Dairy Produce. 



1. Butter; modes of making and preserving. 



2. Cheese ; « " " 



3. Comparative profits of making butter and 



sheese. 



4. Use of skim-mi'.k, butter-milk and whey. 



5. Advantages, if any, of giving it to the cow. 



6. Value of dairy refuse for swine. 



7. What proportion between number of cows 

 kept, and number of swine kept. 



's. Steaming ; heating ; freezing milk, with 

 comparative advantages of each method for rais- 

 ing cream. 



9. Effects of different kinds of salt upon but- 

 ter ; use of sugar and saltpetre for butter ; col- 

 oring matter for cheese. 



10. Protection from vermin. 



11. Grasses for dairy purposes. 



12. Churns; presses; spring houses; pans. 



XIX. Swine. 



1. Breeds. Maturity and age for fattening. 

 AveragT weight when fattened. 



2. Mode of raising ; in stye orat large; pas- 

 turage or soiling on clover. 



3. Fattening ; value of vegetables ; value of 

 meal ; ineparalion of food ; raw ; steamed ; boil- 

 ed ; fermented. Gain per day, pei- month ; sea- 

 son best for fattening ; time of killing. 



5. Assortment of parts ; packing of pork; 

 curing of hams ; making of sausages, &c. 



5. Trial of different kinds of food. Corn ; 

 rye ; barley ; oats ;. broom corn ; pease ; apples ; 

 potatoes, &c. &c. 



XX. Sheep. 



1. Br eds ; crosses. 



2. Yield in wool ; time of shearing ; mode 

 of washing and cleansing; mode of doing up the 

 fleece. 



3. Yield in mutton ; age for fattening; mode 

 of fattening; comparative value of different kinds 

 of feed. Vegetables ; corn ; oats ; oil-cake, &c. 



4. General management ; choice of Buck. 

 Time of lambing ; mode of winter keeping. 



5. History of particidar flocks. 



6. Sheep houses ; sheep racks. 



XXI. Horses. Mules. 



How raised ; how kept ; shoeing ; general man- 

 agement ; comparative value for labor. 



XXII. Animals kept for Breeding. 



Bull ; stallion j ram ; boar. 



Valuable points; defects; general management. 



XXIIL Feeding of Animals. 



1. Pasturage ; winter keeping. 



2. Soiling of animals ; articles to be cultivated 

 for this purpose. 



3. Cutting feed ; steaming or cooking ; green 

 vegetable feed ; dry feed. 



XXIV. Poultry. 



Kinds ; management ; comparative value. 



XXV. Diseases of Domestic Animals. 



Of horses ; cattle; sheep; swine; poultry and 

 remedies. 



XXVI. Farm Buildings. 



1. Barns; stables; styes; poultry bouses. 



2. Modes of fastening and harnessing cattle. — 

 Stalls ; mangers ; stanchions ; ropes ; chains ; 

 bows. 



3. Yokes and harnesses'. 



4. Dwelling houses, with comparative cost of 

 stone, brick ami wood. Imjirovements in appa- 

 ratus for cooking; and for warming houses. 



XXV II. Bees. 



Cultivations of feed for bees ; construction of 

 hives; protection against the bee moth. 



XXVIII. Orchards. Gardens. 



1. Varieties of Fruits, with methods of propa- 

 gation and selection. 



2. Varieties of Esculent Vegetables, with meth- 

 ods of cultivation. 



