vol.. W I. KO. 4. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL 



(From tile New ^'ork larmer.) 

 CITY AND COl'NTRY L,IPE. 



We copy the fuliowiiij; lu-ticlf; (Voiii itie "New 

 York Daily Express," lipcaiise lliere is mncli. tndli 

 in it. It is too tnie tlial i!i,'riciilliire is not justly 

 estimated — I'arents who have uccumiilated a for- 

 tune l)y eiiltivatlng the soil, prefer to make any 

 thinij but farmers of their sons. This shoiiM not 

 he so. Eiliicale them well, atnl then use all pro- 

 per means to iiuluee them to eiihivate the soil 



with eilueation ami sueh hahits, they are prepared 

 for any station to which ihey may he called in 

 the service of their eoimtry. They know (be. value 

 of lib i-rty, property and independence, and will 

 always be safe agents to emjiloy to discharge [inh- 

 lic trusts. 



"The poets of old Rome sang in loud strains 

 the praises of the country, and happy was that 

 Roman who had his farm, his garden or his villa, 

 around the base of Soracte, or on the shores of 

 the beautifwl l$aiae. Uicero was a farmer as well 

 as a statesman and an orator. All the illustrious 

 men of Rome delighted in quitlingihe Forum, the 

 Campus Martins, and ihe walls of " the Mother 

 of Empires," to pass the summer solstice in 

 the cool groves, with nymphs and satyrs — or, 

 in the season of the harvest, to rejoice with the 

 bacchaiials, and to see them frolic in the games. 

 E^ven so in England, and the Coii'inent of En- 

 rope now. London, the misir.'ss of modern times, 

 IS Rome was of the olden, is deserted of much of 

 its population in summer and autumn. The pos- 

 session of land is the passport to gentility in Eii- 

 •ope. The great Metternicli boasts of his famous 

 nncyard on the Rhine. A landed estate is the 

 irst aim of nobility in England. Titles, there 

 ;ome from land. Hence agriculture is the work 

 jfs.-ience and of art, and as n)uch knowledge nnd 

 )rt are demanded to cultivate and to lay out the 

 lark, to adorn it with trees and with fountains, as 

 o fill the gallery, or the studio, or the niche of 

 he palace. 



How happens it then, tliat in our part of our 

 ;ountry — it is not so in the South — that agrieul- 

 ure is avoided, as much as it can well be — that 

 he son flies oft" from the fields to the counter, the 

 laughter to the city or the factory — all panting 1 1 

 ixchange the free glorious air of Heaven, for the 

 histy, noisy, crowded thoroughfare, say of Wall 

 ireet, Pearl street, or the P.owcry ? Whence 

 omes the passion for cities, and of herding to- 

 ;other.= Whence that madness that makes the 

 vorkingman cherish the cellar or the garret, for 

 liraself and his children, when he can live better 

 mil wealthier, even on the borders of the wilder- 

 less, with sky enough over his head, earth enough 

 rnder his feet — with the gieen grass to trample 

 iver, anil the proud trees for a shade ? 



There is a belief in our country — it exists no 

 vhere else — that agriculture is a vulgar occiipa- 

 ion, demanding no taste, no genius, and nothing 

 lUt the turning of the sod, and the levelling of the 

 rees. How false is this. Why, the Vatican in 

 ts way, is not more beautiful — with the choice 

 vorks of ancient and morlern art in it— n Belvi- 



iere Apollo here, ami a Raphael (resco there 



dan an English park in its way — wheie a land- 



fcape is worked out as a picture has been a tree 



iiajied to fit this view, nnd a hedge designed to 

 id that — now perhaps a fountain or a waterfall 

 non a herd of deer— it may be a hill creat-d bv 

 idustry, or a little river, with the gods and god- 



desses presiding over, fitted lo run in ihe line that 

 beauty is demanding — and all harmonizing with 

 ^aIure, as taste and genius and science have ai- 

 ded in adorning it. Even the cottage of the la- 

 horing Englishman — with his front door so neat, 

 the roses, atid ivy, and woodbine creeping oyer 

 and adorning it, and the well-trimnied hedge hi 

 its front, is a jewel upon the face of the earth, 

 and taste has made it so, for Nature has done but 

 little for her father-land. The idea then is pre- 

 posterous, ihat the highest f^ffort cannot as well be 

 expended in adorning the surface of the earth, as 

 in chiselling out the rough block of marble, or in 

 putting colors on the canvass to speak. .<\I1 art 

 is but subsidiary to agricultme. 'Ihi; Vatican, and 

 the galleries of the Roman capital, anil of Naples, 

 and Florence, have been made up from the Ro- 

 man villas— from the ruins of the I'evoli of Adri- 

 an — the Tusruliim of Cicero, or the gardens of 

 Sallust. 



We know not why it is, but so it is, there is in 

 the Northern States, a most unconquerable aver- 

 sion lo agriculture, and the consequence is, with 

 New England in particular, that a farn)ing people 

 are fed from abroad, by the agriculture of other 

 States, or ot foreign nations. The multitude seem 

 more to love the throng — the city — the tinkling 

 of money in the shop of the broker, or the rustle 

 of silk and calico in the shop of the dealer, than 

 the notes of the sweet songster of the woods, th 

 rich beauty of the trees, or the inviting verdure of 

 spring and summer. One reason is, that we have 

 no fanners, such as the farmers of England, of 

 Holland, or of Lotnbardy, who embellish Nature, 

 and make their homes more delightftd than the 

 loftiest palaces of the town. Our men of wealth, 

 in the country, who have sons to educate, prefer 

 lo make them into third-rate lawyers, founh-rate 

 parsons, and sixth-rate doctors, rather than to 

 bring them up in the way that should teach them 

 to raise a double crop from the same acre of land, 

 or to introduce some new product, which should 

 double the available means they now have. 



As a fanning people, the means of creating 

 wealth from landed estates, are not yet half de- 

 veloped. There is no reason on earth why this 

 should not be a vine-growing country, and yet it 

 is not ! There is no reason why the Old World 

 should find us in silks, and yet it does. So va- 

 ried is our soil, our climate, and so extended our 

 line of latitude, from the rocky and frozen regions 

 of the river St. John, lo the sandy Sabine, that 

 we have all the capacities for doing every thing 

 for ourselves ; and yet at this moment, we are op- 

 pressed, and over-burthened with a prodigious 

 foreign debt. The cotton planters make money. 

 Why may not the hemp growers ? The sugar 

 planters make money ; and why not the stock 

 growers of even the Green Mountains? Science 

 is what is wahted first, and then art and taste will 

 come as handmaids. Educate then your boys in 

 college, if you choose — a good eihication hurls 

 no man — but make fanners of them afterwards, 

 if you wish them to be happy and wealthy. 



Wall street is a big.sounding place in t!ie his- 

 tory of our time now. We live there sopie 20 

 hours in a day, and therefore we know something 

 about it. When the Wall street banks suspend 

 specie payment, the whole Union follow the ex- 

 ample. When the Wall street banks expand, the 

 hearts of the peojile are made glad, Wall street 

 is the money throne of the U. States of America. 

 Its hankers are the money princes of the day. 



Stales of the Union have iheir desrinies settled 

 there— anil Wall street tells them whether they 

 shall have railroads or not, canals or not, money 

 or not ; for the Roth.-childs-of Wall street make 

 and unmake empires here at will. Kiit Wall st. 

 the Threadneedle street of the new world is a 

 vile place at best. The street is so dusty, dirlv, 

 and so filled u;i uith old bricks and stones, thiit 

 respiration even is difficult in it ; and a lusty old 

 tree, which has long fell ibat it was not at home 

 in such a street as this, is sickening and dying 



away daily in this busy llioioughfure of mtn. 



When the clerks within it go home, many of them 

 lie down in bonidiiig houses in rooms no binder 

 than the cofl'ins of the ancients, and when the 

 money makers of the day reach their families, 

 they are harassed and agitated by excitement, 

 trpmbli!;g lest a |)ncket ship should bring them 

 the news of the shifiwreck of their (brtunes or 

 some convulsion blast all their hopes. Now in 

 wiiat is this Wall street to be compared with 

 some beautiful river or lake of the country ? Not 

 twenty of these men of wealth have a garden as 

 large as the |)ea-pat^h of the fanner. Not one of 

 them who, on a warm summer day, does not envy 

 Ihe farmer, who has iiis green grass, his garden, 

 his trees to look at. and above all, his pure air to 

 breathe, and his pure water to drink. 



The true art of living is the Roman life, or the 

 life of the English of the present day — the min- 

 gling of the country and the town — the country 

 for summer, and the city for winter — with its 

 hooks, its libraries, its excitement, and the eollis-" 

 ion of mind with mind. Say not the farmer can- 

 not aflbrd a lesidence in the city in the winter, 

 for with ec uioiny he can. He needs no big pal- 

 ace for himself and family there ; let him live as 

 the French do in Paris — in some one story of 

 some large house, with a kitchen and all its ap- 

 purtenances — and not in a princely baWtation, — " 

 Economy, a judicious expenditure of rftoney,->^^ 

 prudence and skill, will make a little go far. Tb.t 

 wealth is the great object of life, particularly in a 

 country where "wealth is" NO ''sign of merit," 

 IS one of the most delusive and ruinous ideas of 

 the day. All of matter that we can gather togeth- 

 er, it has been we'l said, will but give us our 

 bread and clothe?; but there is double means of 

 living upon rhe resources of man's own mind, 

 upon tas{»=,.upon science and the arts, when books 

 answer' for conii)airions, and when with them, a 

 man caVi throw himself into every country and 

 every circle of the habitable globe, now in the 

 saloons of the European prince, now with the 

 Arab in the desert, and anoti with the Indian in 

 his wilderne.ss.^-reailiuginstruction in every spear 

 of grass he walks over, every stone his foot-fall 

 strikes, in every star above liim, apd the wliole 

 atmo.sphere, in and around him. To live, and 

 how to live, and what is living, are topics we 

 should like to discuss, if we can eyer find room 

 ami time." 



iNTEMPEKAMcp. — The treipendous fact men. 

 tioned at the ineeting of the Port of Dublin Tem- 

 peranpe Society, that ^"6,300,000 were last year 

 expended by the Irish nation on the bare article 

 of whiskey, paying duty to the crown, is certainly 

 enough to account for the poverly and irre!;ul..r 

 conduct of the lower grades of our population. — 

 If the cost of illicit spirits consumed there be ad- 

 ded to this sum, il would amount to near about 

 £8,000,000 ! 



