VOL. XVI. NO. *. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL 



29 



Clover should be cut for hay, when nbout one 

 half of the heafis have becotne of a hrown color. 

 If cut earlier, it is believed the hay will not be so 

 nutritious ; if later, the stems vvill have become 

 harder, and the grass be on the decline. For 

 hogs, however, and yoiinj; stork, it vvill be advis- 

 able to cut some so soon as it is in full bloom ; — 

 when cut iu this state and salted, hogs are very 

 fond of it, aud it is believed, might be chiefly win- 

 tered on it, if otherwise carefully protected from 

 inclement weather. At all events, by the use of 

 it as food for hogs, in part, a great saving of corn 

 may he effected. 



When the farmer can do it, he will fiml a great 

 advantage in providing himself with long, nar- 

 row and high sheds, (ppen at least on the south 

 side, for the preservation of his clover hay, and 

 wlieii hauling it in, to begin at one end, and 

 spread a layer of hay along the whole lenglh of 

 the shed, and then repeat the same process ; by 

 this means he will he able to put up his hay in a 

 much greener state than could safely be done, if 

 put up either in a stack or mow, and as yet there 

 are but few persons in this country sufficiently 

 expert in the art to stack it so as to insure its pre- 

 servation. In narrow slieds, one load is consid- 

 erably dried, before another is thrown on it, and 

 when the sheds are filled, the narrowness of the 

 bulk being so much greater, there is far less dan- 

 ger of injury to tlie hay by heating. — Tennesste 

 Farmer. 



A Calculation. — There are, by estimation, 

 150,000 improved fartns in this slate, upon three 

 fifths of which, we believe it is the practice to 

 summer yard manure ; that is, to leave it in the 

 yard to rot during the summer, by which one half 

 of its ferilizing properties are lost to the farm. — 

 It will not be considered extravagant to suppose, 

 that tlie manure thus permitted to waste upon 

 these 150,000 farms, will average ten loads to 

 each. This would give an aggregate of one and 

 a half millions of loads of manure, which are an- 

 nually summered in our farm yards, and about 

 our tiirm buililings. If the calculation of Davy is 

 correct, that yard dung loses one half of its fertil- 

 iauig properties by undergoing a conjplcte fer- 

 mentation in the yard, there is an absolute loss, 

 from this reckless or ill-judged mode of managing 

 dung, of 750,000 loads, worth, to a good farmer, 

 one dollar a load. Let us now see what this lost 

 manure would produce, if ap|)lied to the corn and 

 potato crop in the spring, instead of being sufl'cr- 

 ed to lay till autumn in the yard ; for no one will 

 pretend that dung wastes more in the soil, than it 

 does upon the surface of the ground, exposed to 

 the weather. Von Thaer, after a series of exper- 

 iments, has stated, that the fertility of an ordinary 

 soil is augmented 50 per cent, by the application 

 of twenty loads of dung to the acre. Although 

 we believe this estimate will hold good in regard 

 to the corn and potato crops, we will, in our cal- 

 culation, consider the augmentation only one third. 

 The 750,000 loads of lost dung, would manure 

 37,500 acres of corn land, at the rate 20 loads to 

 the acre. Assuming 30 bushels per acre as the 

 ordinary crop, the manure then, by our rule, 

 which is ceitainly graduated low, would have ad- 

 ded ten bushels to each of the 37,500 acres, or in 

 other words, would have produced 375,000 bush- 

 els of corn, worth now nearly half a ndllion of 

 dollars. But if we assume, what we l)elieve to 

 be vvitliin the bounds of truth, that every load of 



long manure, tinder good management, will aug- 

 ment tlie product tnore than one bushel, tTie gain 

 to the state, by a general adoption of the mode 

 recommended, of fermenting all our long manure 

 in the corn field, would amount to 750,000 bush- 

 els, which at i)resent prices, woidd be worth near- 

 ly a million of dollars. — Cultivator. 



Raistng Wheat near the Sea. — A great ma- 

 ny fiirmeis have observed that (hey camiot raise 

 wheat near the sea ; this erroneous opinion is so 

 common in some places, thiit no attention is paid 

 to raising wheat, and even some that do attend to 

 it in other sections, have not the advantages of 

 information to enable them to manage so well as 

 those who have more ex|.erience in the business. 

 Some farmers near the sea raise wheat every year, 

 and have not failed of a good crop for many 

 years. We have seen fields of wheat near the sea, 

 in as flourishing a condition as any we ever saw 

 in the interior. 



Capt. Charles Hannaford, of Cape Elizabeth, 

 raised, last year, twenty bushels of wheat on 12fi 

 square rods — about twenty five bushels to the acre. 

 This grain grew within a few miles of the salt 

 water. The crop was exsellenr, aud we have 

 paid three dollars a bushel for all of this wheat 

 which we cuuld obtain, it being excellent for seed, 

 making seventyfive dollars for the produce of one 

 acre. This ground was not very rich, — it was 

 planted the year before, and dressed tolerably 

 well ; la.st year there was a moderate share of 

 dressing put on it. 



We hope that farmers that live near the sea, 

 vvill give proper attention to this subject, and do 

 away the false notion that prevails, to the disconr- 

 ageinent and injury of many. One advantage 

 tiiey have, as they can use lime for manure on 

 their farms, at less expense than it can be obtain- 

 ed in the interior; and lime is an excellent ma- 

 nure for wheat. With the bounty on wheat, and 

 the improvements in threshing, &c., many far- 

 mers will find a profit in raising it, who have here- 

 tofore neglected it. — Yankee JPar. 



Society's Garden. The fiicts are extremely inter- 

 esting; and we hope Dr Lindley will compare 

 this case with others of the kiiul upon reconi and 



favor the world with a memoir on the subject 



Loudon's Gard. Man-. 



Vitality of Seeds. — It will be in the recol- 

 lection of our readers, that in October, 1834, we 

 published some interesting details of the open- 

 ing of a British tumulus, near Maiden Castle, by 

 Mr Maclean, who foimd therein a human skele- 

 ton, and a portion of the contents of the stomach, 

 containing a mass of small seeds, which neiiher 

 the operation of the gastric juices, nor the lapse 

 of probably twenty centuries, had sufficed to de- 

 stroy. Many of these seeds have been subjected 

 to various careful experiments, to. •\scertain wheth- 

 er the vital principle was extinct; and we hfive 

 the satisfaction of announcing that Professor Lind- 

 ley has happily succeeded in producing plants 

 from several of these seeds. - These plants have 

 confirmed the opinion expressed by the learned 

 I rofessor, on a first inspection of the seeds, that 

 they were those of the rubus idceiis, the common 

 raspberry. The plants are now very vigorous, 

 have produced much fine fruit this season, and 

 form an object of the greatest curiosity and at- 

 traction to horticulturists. This highly interest- 

 ing circumstance proves the raspberry to be an 

 in<ligenous plant in this country, growing at a 

 very early period, and then constituting an article 

 of food.— (Dorset Chronicle, as quoted in the Bath 

 Journal, of Sept. 12, 1S36.) We have seen the 

 raspberry plant alludeil to, in the Horticultural 



Gooseberries. — In all cases, the gooseberry 

 should be kept free from suckers, and trained near 

 the ground to a single stem ; this mode of train- 

 ing them being found to cause a far greater pro- 

 duct in quantity, as well as an increase in the 

 size. They need much attention iu other res- 

 pects, and one third of the old wood must be reg- 

 ularly triunned out every juituirm, by which means 

 a succession of thrifty liearing wood will he kept 

 up; as the finest fruit is produced on the young 

 shoots of the previous year's growth, it is also 

 necessary every autumn, to dig in a plenty of old 

 well-rotted manure around then . 1 his treatment 

 will cause them to grow strong, and the fruit to 

 be large and fair. \Vhere the summers are very 

 hot, a northern aspect is preferable, and the fruit 

 will be twice the size if they are planted against 

 a north fence, or iu any other situation where 

 they are sheltered from thn intense heat of noon- 

 day, which, when diflTerently situated, olteu scor- 

 ches the fruit to such a degree as to entirely stop 

 its growth. — Prince. 



Fi.NE Breeds or Cattle. — The Oswego (N. 

 Y.) Adv. says : 



The lovers of fine stock are referred to an ad- 

 vertisement by Mr George J. Pumpelly, of a 

 fine English bull, of the short horned Durham 

 breed. This animal is now three and a half years 

 old, and was imported by Mr G. Gossip. He is, 

 a noble animal, is beautifully [iroportioned, and 

 weighs 2000 pounds, and far excels any speci- 

 men ever brought into this section of the country. 

 He is of the best blood in England, and farmers 

 who wish to improve their stock will do well to 

 examine him ; they are assured that there is no 

 deception — he being purchased directly of the im- 

 porter. Much credit is due to Mr I'umpelly for 

 his exertions to introduce this breed ; and all who 

 wish to improve their stock, will not let this op- 

 portunity pass. It costs no more to keep a good 

 cow than a poor one, and this breed is in the high- 

 est repute for the stall as f jr the dairy. 



Banks. — The bank of Venice was the most an- 

 cient in Europe. In l-t23, its revenue amounted 

 to about £200.,00Cr sterling. 



The bank of Amsterdam was founded in 1609. 



The bank of Hamburgh in 1619. 



The bank of Berlin in 1765. 



The bank ef Vienna during the " seven years 

 war," by Maria Theresa. 



The bank of Stockholm in 1657, by Govern- 

 ment. 



The bank of Copenhagen in 1736, with a capi- 

 tal of 500,000 florins. 



The bank of Assignats in Russia, was founded 

 by the Empress Catharine, at the commeuceinent 

 of the war against the Turks, 



The bank of England in 1711. 



Mr Simeon Dunham of this town, has made the 

 present season, from the sap of the Rock Maple, 

 110 pounds of good dry sugar, from 256 gallons 



of sap and a part of it yielded about a pound of 



su^ar to two ga.lons of sap. Beat this sugar beet. 

 — ffoodstock ( Vt.) Cou. 



