46 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER, 



AUGUST 16. lartr. 



SriSW SSf<S3£.ilS?2> IS A'm.^^'^'x 



BOSTON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 16, J8S7. 



FAKMER'S WORK. 



RvF,. — This very viiliiablc Uirnl nf grain may be rais- 

 ed on iilnnwt iiny soil; fiiittliose wliiciiare light, sandy, 

 and nnl rich i-n>tugh In produce wheat, are, genoriilly 

 speaking, brsl titled fur rye. It was observed by Sir 

 John Sinclair, that " lliis sjieL-ies of gii'.in is not somn<li 

 cultivated in Scotland, as it ought to be, (for weighty 

 crops of it might be raised on anils of the most porour 

 and arid nature, and upon almost pure sand along the 

 seashore;) and the winter sort, without which, the 

 people living on the coasts of ihe Baltic could scarcely 

 bo subsisted, is alniosi tinlinown. A correspondent in- 

 forms me thai he had 35 bushels of rye per English 

 acre, on land that would not have pioduccd 20 bushels 

 of oats. Indeed, oats sown along side of the rye, upon 

 the same field, and on land is nearly as could be judged 

 of the same quality, were scarcely worth the expense 

 of reaping. On mnorish land, rye has been found a 

 more certain crop than oats. Mr George Culley re- 

 -marka that rye, like oats, will answer in crude soils, 

 wiffiout lime or calcareous manures, which renders that 

 ♦crop peculiarly calculated for waste lands, when first 

 brought into culliyation " 



La»tis which will produce tolerable crops of wheat, 

 Wd better be cultivated for the purpose of raising wheat 

 tiiao rye. And, according to English writers, the use 

 of lime tor manure, wril often so far change the nature 

 of a poor soil, proper for rye only, tliat wheat may be 

 raised in its stead. Mr lMarsh:ill, an English writer, in 

 his Rural Economy of \'orksUirc, observes that " before 

 the use of lime was prevalent, inuch rye was grown in 

 the light lands upon the margin of the Vale, and in the 

 Moorlands, scarcely any other crops than rye and oats 

 were attempted. Now, rye is principally confined to 

 the Moorland-dales; and even there, the alteration of 

 eoiU by lime, has been such that wheat has become the 

 more prevalent crop. 



" Nevertheless, on light sandy soils, rye is generally 

 mote profitable than wheat — and the bread which is 

 made by a mixture of the two grains, is here esteemed 

 more wholesome to people in general, than that which 

 is made from wheat alone " 



In the Memoirs of the New York Board of Agricul- 

 ture, vol. i. page 82, it is observed that " rye should be 

 sowed the last week in August, or the first we?k in 

 SeptembiT, at the rate of about 36 quaits to an acre> 

 some say 18 quarts. But if it is not sowed at that time, 

 it ought to he delayed until late in November, so that it 

 may not come up until spring. A. VVorthinglon had a 

 good crop which he sowed in a January snow storm. — 

 Rye raised on upland, makes much belter flour than 

 that which is raised on damp land." 



Rye may be sown in autumn, to great advantage, for 

 fodder for cattle and sheep, particularly the latter, in 

 the spring. Ewes and lambs will derive much benefit 

 from it, at a lime when little or no other green food can 

 be procured. When it is intended for this purpose, it 

 should not only he sowed early in autumn, but should 

 be sowed thicker than when it is intended to stand fiir 

 a crop of seed. Some say that it may well be mowed 

 for hay, two or three limi'S in the course of the sum- 

 mer, and this piece of liushanilry has been recmnniended 

 for farmers, whose lands aru mostly dry and unsuitable 

 for grass. 



The quantity of seed to be sown on an acre, should 

 vary accitrdrng to the soil, the time of sowing, and the 

 purpose for which it is intended. If it be sowed in the 



latter part of August, or beginning of Septembi-r, and is 

 intended to remain for a seed crop, the quantity should 

 vary from 32 to 48 quarts, according to tne goodness of 

 the sf il. Later sowing requires more seed, and in some 

 cases two bushels to an acre, will not be too great a 

 quantity. Bannister's Husbandry states that " when 

 this grain is sown for shcepfeed, it is proper to allow 

 tiiree bushels to the acre, for where the blade, haulm or 

 s-alks form thp primary object, a much larger propor- 

 tion of seed is requisite, than when the i rop is meai t 

 for harvesting." 



MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



EXHIBITION OF FRUITS. 



Saturday, Aug. 12, 1837. 



Pears. By Mr Breed of Charlestown, — Juneating, 



July or Sugar top. By Mr Vose, President of tlie So- 

 ciety, — Madeleine. By Mr Richards,— Madeleine, July 

 or Sugar top. 



Apples. — By Mr Vose, — Shropshirevine, very beauti- 

 ful, early Harvest. By IMr Breed of Charlestown, — 

 early Harvest. By Mr Richards, — early Harvest, ear- 

 ly Bough, Williams' Favorite, Red Juneating, Curtis' 

 early stripe. By Col. E. W. Stone of Jamaica Plain, — 

 early Harvest, and a variety of Russet. 



Plums. — By Mr Samuel Phipps of Dorchester— a va- 

 riety of Plum for a name. 



J}pricots.—By Mr Richards, — Brussels Apricot. By 

 Mrs E. H. Jones. No. 14 Friend street, — Moorpark, al- 

 so, specimens of some other fruits. 



Peaches. — By Mr Breed of Charlestown, from his glass 

 houses, very large and beautiful specimens of the Royal 

 George and Magdalen Peaches. 



Rasphcrries. — By Mr Mason, from ihe Charlestown 

 Vineyard, — Mason's Seedling Grape Raspberry, very 

 large, productive and excellent. This Raspberry com- 

 pares well with tho Barnet and Williams double bear- 

 inn-, which are the finest, largest, and most productive 

 kinds which have yet come to our knowledge, produc- 

 ing crops for a succession of times. Mr Mason, how- 

 ever, asserts that it is even superior to these. 

 For the Committee. 



WM. KENRICK, Chairman, 



F.SHIBITION OF FLOWERS. 



Hail gorgeous queen of latrst summer! 

 Thy majestic form displays all 

 That lovely is in Nature's \aried tints; 

 Extend thy powers, and raise our fond desires. 

 Until thou art first of all the blooming train in Flo- 

 ra's courts. 

 And we delighted, banquet on thy charms. 



Our friends have this day given us an earnest that 

 the Dahlia shall he our queen for the residue of the 

 season. We would therefore say, to the cultivators of 

 this lovely flower, that il would give us pleasure to re- 

 ceive specimens of all iheir varieties, at our rooms ev- 

 ery Saturday morning. 



By the Hon. E, Vose, President of the Society, — 

 Dahlias: var.. Royal Adelaide, Granta, Dennissii, Ja- 

 son, Tyso's Matilda, Douglass' tilory. 



By Col. M. P. Wilder, of Dorchester, — Dahlias ; var. 

 Conqueror of Europe, Royiil Adelaide, Napoleon, Jones' 

 Sulphurea Elegans, Lavinia, Sir Henry Fletcher, Wid- 

 nall's Apollo, Bride of Abydoa, Countess Liver|iool, 

 Gaines' Harlequin, Douglass' Glory, Red Rover, Queen 

 Elizabeth, Village Maid, Venus, Desdemona, Criterion, 

 Paragon, Wcstland's Marquis, Hermione. 



From Dr J. C. Howard, Woodlanil, Brookline, — by 

 his gardener, WrM. Irish, — Dahlias: var, Denniss' 



Beauty, Prince George of Cumberland, Countess of 

 Liverpool, Barrett's Susannah, (fine). Smith's fine Pur- 

 ple, Lutia Purpurea, Brown's Ophelia. Queen of Wer- 

 temburg Queen of yellows, Globe, Beauty of Cleveland, 

 Royal William, Foster's Incomparable, Belladoiiia, Lord 

 Granville, Fringed White, and Alba Purpurea. Also, 

 a fine bouquet of cut flowers. 



By the Messrs Hovey & Co. — Dahlias : var., Gem, 

 (Royal Adelaide,) Widnall's Paris, Hermione, Well's 

 Paragon, Camellia flowered white, Elplierstonea pur- 

 ple perfection. Lilac Perfection, Rising Sun, Niobe, 

 Queen of Dahlhts. 



From the Messrs Winships, Brighton — Campanula, 

 Alba minor, do. pleno, Clemantes Flamula, do. Virtuil- 

 lala, do. Campanuniflora, Verbena Oblicea, Lupinus 

 Polyphyllus, Delphinium, new double var. 



By Mr S. R. Johnson, Charlestown — Dahlias, Carna- 

 tions, Hollyhocks, &c. 



Fiom Mr S. Sweelser, Carabridgeport — Dahlias: var. 

 Duke of Bedford, Napoleon, Constaniia perfection. Love- 

 ly's Earl Grey, Beauty of Salem, Douglass's Glory, and 

 a variety of other flowers. 



By Messrs Joseph Breck & Co. — A variety of Dah- 

 lias and other cut flowers. 



By Mr D. Murphy — a Bouquet, containing Dahlias, 

 ^c , among which we noijced a good specimen of Ne- 

 gro Boy. 



From Mr Thomas Mason, Charlestown Vineyard — 

 Dahlias : var , Dennissii, Queen of the Yellows, Mag- 

 net, Transcendent, Village Maid, Picta, Granta, Coun- 

 tess of Liverpool, King of the Whites, Tyso's Matilda, 

 Picta Formosissima, Sjfringfield Rival, and (ilobe. Yel- 

 low Noisette Roses, Carnations, Erica muhiflora, and a 

 splendid Bouquet. 



The specimens of the Dahlias, as a whole, were very 

 good. Some few appeared to us as very superior ; we 

 shall therefore notice these more particularly, viz : Roy- 

 al Adelaide, by Mr Vose, (fine ;) Conqueror of Europe, 

 and Sir Henry Fletcher, by Col. Wilder, (extra fine ;) 

 Alba purpurea, and Barrett's Susannah, by Dr J. C. 

 Howard; Dutchess of Buccleugh, by Mr S. R. John- 

 son; Napoleon, by S. Sweetser ; and Granta, by Mr 

 T. Mason, (all fine;) Hermione, by Messrs Hovey & 

 Co. sustained its reputation. 



"To Helen's bed the gods alone assign 

 Hermoine t' extend the regal line " 

 For the Committee. 



S WALKER, Chairman. 



Faneuil Hai.l Vegetable AIakket. — Wednesday, 

 J}ugust 16, 1837. — Peas and Siring Beans 20 cts. a peck ; 

 Shell beans 10 cents a quart; Broad Windsor Beans 20 

 cents do ; Cucumbers 6 1-4 cts. a dozen; Squashes 12^ 

 cents a dozen ; Green Corn 12i cts. a dozen ; Toma- 

 toes 25 do ; Cabbages 37 1-2 to 50 cents do.; Beets, 

 Carrots, tS,-.c., 6 cents a bunch; Cauliflowers 12 1-2 to 

 25 cts. a head ; Celery 6 cts a root ; Potatoes 50 cents 

 a bushel. 



FnuiT. — Apples and Pears 50 cents a peck ; Peaches 

 $2 10 $6 a dozen ; Apricots 50 cents a dozen ; Berries 

 of various sorts from 8 to 12 1-2 cents a quart ; Melons 

 12 1-2 to 25 cents each ; Grapes 75 cts. to $1,00 per lb. 



^^ We have seen some beautiful samples of sewing 

 silk, manufactured at Northampton, wljich, for fineness, 

 evenness and strength, may challenge a comparison, 

 with the best imported from Italy. Not only its tex- 

 ture is all that could be desired, but the color, a shining 

 black, is very excellent. We are happy to find by such 

 specimens, the apparent practicability of adding Silk to 

 the other valuable staples of Now England. 



