VOI>. XVI. KO. 16. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL^ 



I5£5 



[t Wiis the pride of the Eiistern rouiitry. No less 

 han sevcTi'y thousand visitors attended, and its 

 •eceipts were more than .f'12,000, which, after de- 

 raying the expenses of the exhibition, were dis- 

 rihmed in [ironiitiins to eompetitors. Ten years 

 iince, the American Institute of the city of New 

 I'ork, determined, after mature deliberation of its 

 nana^ers, to iiitrodm-e into this city an exhibition 

 )f the domestic manufactures of the country. The 

 >lnn was no s<innei- determined on than adopted. 

 \ vijforous effort was made by the younij an<l en- 

 erprizing members. They mad^ a rally nmona; 

 he arlizans of the city, and a very cflicient fair 

 A-as, in a few ilays thereafter held at the Masonic 

 Hall. Such was the success at this exhibition, 

 hat the Institute determined to hold others each 

 succeeding year ; all of which have been attended 

 )y crowds from all parts of the country. A new 

 ;ra commenced after 6 years, and the fairs were 

 ransferred to Niblo's Garden, at the corner of 

 Broadway and Prince street. A wider scope was 

 lere given for the display of every article connect- 

 ed with the mechanic arts, agriculture and ma- 

 ihinery. Artists from various parts of the coun- 

 :ry, h^re deposited their products for exhibition 

 ind competition, and the fairs of 1834 and 1835, 

 Bvere crowned with such success, as to induce the 

 inanagers to Ir Id out farther inducements, inclu- 

 Jing gold ami silver medals, diplomas, &c. as pri- 

 ces for the best artii'l 'S brought together at the 

 resent and future exhibitions. At the fair of 

 1836, the ninth from the commencement, a tnag- 

 liScent dis[ilay was made, including almost every 

 lossible article of handicraft work, and agricultu- 

 al products. A steam engine was placed in op- 

 ration, which propelled a multitude of machines, 

 irought from th(^ interior of the state, and many 

 ilaces in Now England, besides those invented 

 ind manufactured in the city. There were more 

 ban twelve thousand articles in exhibition ; the 

 fair lasted nine days ; more than sixty thousand 

 I'isitors attcnilcd ; and twenty- -ight gold, and one 

 Kindred and thirty silver medals, besides more 

 han two hundred diplofiias, were awarded. The 

 •eceipts for tickets amounted to over $6,200. — 

 v. Y. Commercial, 



From the " Cold Water Man," a tejiiperance 

 laper printed at Natchez : 



A.lvanta^es of n total abstinence to laboring men. 

 I. They have a better a|)petite, and partake of 

 heir food with a keener relish, and it is more 

 lourishing to them than when they drink rum. 



2. 'i'licy possess much greater vigor and activ- 

 ty, both of body and mind. 



3. They perform the same labor with much 

 irreater ease, an<l are, in a great measure, free 

 roni the lassitude and fatigue of common rum 

 Jrinkers. 



4. They have greater wages, and lay up a lar- 

 er portion of what they earn. 



.5. Their example will be useful to those around 

 them. 



Smut. — Wc have a thousand evidences on re- 

 told, that if seed wheat is steeped twelve hours 

 in a strong brine, and then mixed with fresh, caus- 

 tic j.owdered lime, before it is sown — the crop 

 will not be smutty. 



GauDBiNG Machine. — Travelling lately on the 

 banks of the Connecticut river, in the vicinity of 

 Hanover, I observed hundreds, and I believe lliou- 

 sanils of rorls of strong, substantial and durable 

 fence, made of white pine stumps, extracted from 

 the ground with their roots. Curiosity led me to 

 inquire by what power and machinery the opera- 

 tion of extracting the stumps was performed. — 

 An obliging stranger showed me one of the ma- 

 chines, and explained the manner in which it was 

 applied, and as I ap|)rehpnd these machines may 

 be used to great advantage in many parts of the 

 United Stales, where they have not been heard 

 of, I will endeavor, as v/ell as ! can recollect, to 

 describe the machine, and explain the manner of 

 using it. 



The machine consists of a very strong pair of 

 wheels, say 18 (eet in diameter, the axis about 1,5 

 or 16 inches in diameter. Near to, and tlie in- 

 side of one of the wheels, a third wheel, something 

 less than the others, is framed on the ;ixis of the 

 hub. A large rope or hawser is fastened to the 

 periphery of the small wheel, and coils upon it. 

 To the end of this hawser are attached four oxen ; 

 a large chain is made fast to the centre of the axis 

 and round the stump. The oxen drawing upon 

 the hawser, turn the small wlieel and axis, while 

 the two large wheels remain stationary, only sup- 

 porting the operation. The stump, when thus ex- 

 tracted, is borne off, swinging under the axis, to 

 the line where the fence is to be made. 



It may be necessary to add that where the 

 stump is large, and holds a strong grasp upon the 

 earth, the most prominent top roots should be cut 

 off 3 or 4 feet from the stump. The fence is con- 

 structed by throwing the stumps into line, and 

 stopping in here and there a root, to secure the 

 widest openings. To those acquainted with the 

 durability of pine slumps, it is hardly necessary 

 to observe that the fence constructed of them vvill 

 remain sound for at least one generation. 



The machine constructed as above, and applied 

 by four men [and four oxen, will extract from 70 

 to 80 stumps per day. lis usefulness needs no 

 comment. '1 here is nothing visionary about it. 

 The experiment has been tried upon a large scale, 

 and many a farmer who heretofore dreaded the 

 pine Slump as an enemy, which would survive 

 himself, and annoy his heirs, now swings his un- 

 disturbed scythe or cradle over the strong ground 

 which his fallen foe once occupied. 



Centreville Times. 



The sugar beet is cultivated with great success 

 ELt Cincinnati. One man has produced more than 

 50 tons to an acre. 



Worm-killed Grass. — During the last sprin" 

 much eomplaint was made, that large tracts of 

 grass had been winter-killed. Now it is not im- 

 probable that much of the grass might be winter- 

 killed, as it is (ailed, but we believe that much 

 more of the mischief was the effect of worms that 

 devoured the roots. It '.vill undoubtedly be re 

 collected by every one in this state, that the last 

 autumn was uncommonly dry, anrl of course verv 

 favor.ible to the worms, and they improved the 

 opportunity. We were digging into a piece of 

 bog meadow the other day, and to our surprise, 

 found a large quantity of while worms, such as 

 familiarly called muck-worms. Since then, wc 

 have been informed by E. Wood, Esq., that he 

 has found them in a bog meadow owncil by him, 

 and which he thought harl been severely winter- 

 killed. He now thinks that the worms had much 

 more to do with the killing out the grass than was 

 th'ought of. — Maine Farmer. 



MAMMOTH PRODfCTIONS 



The Fort Wayne (Indiana) Senlinel meniions 

 corn 15 feet high, stout and well eared in propor- 

 tion. This is .said to be not uncouunon in "those 

 [larts." C*il. Swinney's farm near that pl.-ice, is 

 said to average 90 bushels per acre for a hundred 

 acres. " What do you think of this, ye down 

 casters ?" exclaims the Indiana Editor. 



A cabbage in th.> garden of D. Hamilton, of 

 Orange county, N. Y., measures 4 liei 8 inches 

 in diameter, and is yot growing! Th<^ (Joshen 

 paper says: 'This is a most e.xtraordinary pro- 

 duction, and quite equal tollie field of corn, v. hich 

 will yield in many cases, six ears to the stalk, of 

 the small eight row'd corn.' The seed of such 

 mammotli productions should be widely circula- 

 ted. 



The Geneva Gazette mentions some onions, 

 raised from seed this season, measuring each 14 

 1-2 inches in circumference — a blood beet meas- 

 uring 17 1-4 inches around — and a )iumpkin of 

 the common kind, whicli measures 48 3-4 inches 

 one way, and 52 1-4 inches the other, and weighs 

 45 1-2 pounds. 



Oats having upwards of 300 grains in the tiead, 

 are mentioned in the Pen-Yaii Democrat, and the 

 " world is challenged to produiie their equal." — 

 The heads of oats furnished us by Dr D wight, of 

 Moscow, Livingston county, and now in our of- 

 fice, counted from 400 to 480. It is gratifying to 

 perceive the attention bestowed on this crop. 



We saw, a few days since, a beet of the blood 

 red variety, which was raised by Air Nathaniel 

 Harrison of this city ; it measured 26 3-4 inches 

 around the girth, and weighed 14 pounds. An 

 acre of land planted in rows of two feet apart, the 

 beets (>ne foot asunder, is capable of raising, ac- 

 c<;rding to the weight of the above beet, 304,920 

 pounds, which is equal to 152 tons, or 50S2 bush- 

 els of beets. — Bait. Far. 



Vie also understand that General Chambers, of 

 Kent county, Md.,, raised a sugar beet the present 

 year, which weighed 18 pounds ; an acre of such 

 beets would be equal to 392,040 pounds, or 196 

 tousj which in bushels would be 6534. — lb. 



Mr Pugh, of Ohio, has raised this year a sugar 

 byet measuring 30 inches, and weighing 22 lbs. 

 An acre of such beets would be equal to 479,160 

 pounds, which is 239 tons, or 7986 bushels. — lb. 



Mr Joel Miller, of this place, raised a turnfii, 

 which measures two feet and five inches in cir- 

 Cliiiifcrenee, and weighs thirteen pounds. 



Springfield Gaz. 



Mr Gilbert of this [)laee, has come entirely the 

 greatest vegetables out, viz: A squash, weighing 

 35 pounds ; a carrot weighing 2 pounds 6 ounces ; 

 and last, though not least, an onion, measuring 15 

 inches in circumference. There, if any of you 

 can beat Mr Gilbert, less see you do it. — Burling- 

 ton (F<.) Sentinel. 



Mr James Masters brought to our office, last 

 week, n potato, of the long John kind, wliicli 

 weighed 2 pounds 13 oz. He also raised this sea- 

 son, a cucmuber of the short kind, which weighed 

 5 1-4 pounds. — Middletown {Ct.) Sent. 



Mr Asa C. Edwards, of Norwich, cut a few 

 spears of herds-grass from a field of his, which 

 were 6 feet 3 inches long. — Hamp. Gaz. 



A man in Hawley, planted a single pea, which 

 produced 329 full grown peas! — lb, 



