»!^1^ 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL. 



PUBLISHED BY JOSEPH UllKCK & CO., NO. 52 NORTH MARKET SI'KEET, (Agbicui.tural Warehouse.) 



UL. A ^ !• 



BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANU.ARY 24, 1S38. 



M:. 29. 



JEW SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE AND 

 FEEDING STOCK. 



BI GEO. ADAMS. 

 (Concluded.) 



here is still another way liy which the keep is 



I tiiiich injureil ; anil that is, hy the cow.x 

 ling ahoiit wlien they arc hulling, and tread- 

 it so much as to occasion considerahle waste. 



hesides the breaking of hedges hy the hull, 

 ;h frequently happens where there is a feed- 

 stock of cows, accidents often hefal the cows 

 thriving state causing them prematurely to 

 their calves, to the great loss of the proprietor. 

 ' upon my new plan, all these inconveniences 

 ivoided, and to a certainty much more stock 

 he fed than in the usual method, 

 have given a plan and dimensions for housing. 



for beast and sheep ; which will be found 

 lest method of saving the manure and ena- 

 ; the farmer to spread it upon the land that 



needs it. How often is it seen in the spring, 

 a good piece of grass is so wet that the stock 

 ot he turned into it \>^ithout considerable loss, 



II the same lime starving for want of proper 

 Now a single trial is sufficient to prove, 



the produce of one acre of land given in the 

 ler I have described, will keep three times 



Htock than if the stock were turned into the 

 ire. It must be clear, then, that the belter 

 :;rop, the greater is the waste in the iisiud 

 of feeding cattle; apd that it is in vain get- 

 in good crop if a fartner do not make the best 

 if it. 



le method I here point out will be of general 

 y, being suitable to every county and every 

 ite. The grand object is to shelter the stork 

 the inclemency of the seasons. Let any man 

 e liow any kind of stock will endeavor to get 

 ?r during a storm, and to find a shade from 

 iiltry heat ; and he will at once be convinced 

 t is congenial to their nature to screen them- 

 5 from the extremes both of heat and cold : 

 iwainpy and wet lands, or keen graveliy or rye 

 soils are equally injurious to them, 

 lere are doubtless, many fanners, who neither 

 rstand the mostsuitable method of cultivating 

 lands, nor how to make the best use of the 



they produce. It is, therefore, my present 

 tion, to point out how considerably more 

 ice from the earth may he raised by my New 

 in of Agriculture, than by any former method 

 lage. It will only be necessary to state the 

 <r method of cultivating a single acre of land, 

 ; principle will of course apply to any niim- 

 f acres which a farmer may choose to till 



my plan. 



pursuing the following directions, a single 

 of land will produce a crop sufficient to feed 

 B year. 24 beasts or 240 sheep. 

 RECTioNS. — In September, or sooner, let your 

 Lie well tuanured, and properly ploughed so 



HS to raise a good deal of fine monld ; thou plant 

 one third of an aero of the laud with the large 

 sort of early cabbaire plant, viz. the late York, or 

 Sugar-hiaf ; one third more in February or iMarcli 

 vvith ths same sort of cabbage plants ; anil the 

 remaining third of the acre in February or March 

 with the Ox, or Drumhcaded cabbage plant. If 

 the land be good, I would recommend that the 

 plants shouUI be set in rows three feet wide and 

 two feet between each plant, that is, three plants 

 in every square yard. Upon this plan, an acre of 

 ground will require 14,520 plants, reckoning five 

 score to the jjundred ; hut if the land be poor, it 

 will be advisable to set the plants thicker propor- 

 tioiiably, according to the grower's judgment of 

 the quality of his land. By the beginning of June, 

 the first crop of cabbages will be in perfection. — 

 Then put either six beasts or sixty sheep^ in the 

 manner here directed, according to ihe plan of the 

 moveable houses herein annexed, either fiir cattle 

 nr sheep. Let the cabbages and leaves be care- 

 fully cut off, leaving the cahbuge stalks cut ai'ross 

 at the top to grow again. The cabbages upon 

 good laud may be expected to average 15 lb. 

 apiece, which will be upon the acre 217,800 lb. 

 or 108 ton, 18 cwt. at five score to the cwt. Al- 

 low to each beast or ten sheep, 13 1-4 cabbages 

 and 1 1-4 lb. over, or 200 lb. every day and night, 

 which will be 1200 lb. a day and night for six 

 beasts or sixty sheep; in eighty-four days or 

 twelve weeks these will be fat. Then put up six 

 other beasts or sixty more sheep, which will fat- 

 ten in the same time and manner, viz. at the end 

 of the half year. Eighty cabbages will have been 

 consumed daily, amounting to 14,520 cabbages, 

 just the number planted upon the acre ; which, 

 taken at 15 lb. apiece, amounts to 108 ton 18 cwt. 

 at five score to the cwt. so that the feed of twelve 

 beasts or 120 sheep stands as under: 



nays. Weeks. Cnbliagea. lb. T. C. lb. 



For 84 or 12 6718 at 15 apiece. 50 8 



— 84 or 12 6718 at 15 50 8 



— 13 1-2 or 2 1084 at 15 8 2 



181 1-2 26 14520 



45 



108 18 



As soon as you begin to clear off a few rows of 

 cabbages after the 1st of June, 8|iread the dung 

 and urine carefully over the ground, leaving all 

 the cabbage stalks, which will soon sprout again ; 

 then with a small caff or hoe, kibble the ground 

 regularly over so as to cover the manure, and sow 

 turnip seed amongst your cabbage stalks as you 

 clear off the cabbagei, and continue to do so till 

 you have gone all over the ground the first lime. 

 About the 1st of November you will have another 

 crop of keep, as geod as the first ; and then as yon 

 clear off all the cabbage sprouts and turnips, you 

 must again properly apply your manure all over 

 the land as before ; which is now either to be 

 ploughed or dug, and planted as at first. Thus 

 you will have a regular succession of good keep ; 

 and if the winter's produce be what may he ex- 



pected from good managenieiit, the same acre of 

 land will feed in one year 24 beasts, or 240 sheep. 

 This, like all other crops, will of course vary with 

 ilie seasoirs ; but if the weight here mentioned he 

 produced, the number of cattle above stated will 

 hardly get through it. In case of a failure in the 

 winter, a little hay or corn may be given to supply 

 the deficiency. 



I shall conclude my remarks with giving an es- 

 timate (if the rcspeclive expenses attendant on the 

 cultivation of the land, and the erection of suita- 

 ble buildings: I shall also give a calciilatio.i, 

 known to Cnw, of the weekly increai-e of a beast 

 or sheep, from a certain quantity of nutritious 

 food. As I have rea.son to believe that this is the 

 first calculation of the kind ever ofiered to the 

 public, I trust it will not be unworthy of general 

 attention. 



I would recommend the houses built for the 

 cattle to be 10 feet lon-f and 5 feet high, with a 

 large trough or manger to hold both meat and 

 water, whiidi are to be given occasionally at two 

 folding doors made for that purpose to open in 

 the front. The bottom to be not very closely 

 laid, in which some holes are to be bored lor the 

 urine to run through from under the beast. A 

 fall from the fore to the hind part, of about three 

 inches, may be made by putting in the sloats at 

 the fore part near the top of the sills, and near 

 the bottom at the hind part. The houses are to 

 run upon four cast iron wheels, \yith iron axle- 

 trees. The wheels should be eighteen inches 

 high and two inches wide in the straka ; and 

 each house is to stand upon a cast iron railway of 

 about half an inch thick, two and a half inches 

 wide, turning up half an inch on each side. IJy 

 having two spare cast iron i ail ways, each about 

 six feet long, the houses may easily be removed 

 from place to place by alternately laying down 

 one railway and takiirg up another. 



The sheep houses, when the land is wet, and it 

 is necessary to keep them on Iannis or ridges, 

 should be made five feet by five feet in the clear; 

 three feet high in front, and two and a half feet 

 high at the back part. They are to be covered 

 with feather-edged boards, by which means there 

 will be a sufficient fall on the roof to shoot off 

 the wet. Any ommon timber will do for the 

 sills, Bloats, uprights, and wall plates, but the top 

 and bottom should be good ; the latter being made 

 convenient tor carrying off the urine, that the 

 sheep may lie dry. All the sides and cratch may 

 be made with small round sticks. The cratch is 

 to be made in the door at front ; and from the 

 framework of the doors some boards to outspeech 

 as they go upwards. A light falling door is to be 

 made at the top for putting in the meat. This 

 machine, which will hold four sheep, is al.so to 

 run upon iron wheels and railways. But for lands 

 that are drier and commonly worked level I would 

 recommend the sheep houses to be made five feet ; 

 the roof to tall with folding doors, and to have a 

 cratch, &c. &.C. as the other sort- A machine of 

 this size will hold twelve sheep, and may easily 



