V'U,. XVI. XO. 34. 



AND GARDENER'S JOURNAL 



2r)7 



tioii. Tlie li^jlits of v'liir experience will thus In; 

 seen iind iiupiiivtMl ;if,ir of!'. 



Can wi: r(-coinniuiiil nn li'iL'lily, In the cnlti- 

 valois of llie cailli, llio iinpnilance, not only (i( 

 edn'-.-ilioii' at larfri', lint of lliat clcpartiiien'. of it 

 iippliralili.' to tin; tlieoi-y and pracliiM; at' Carjnin^' 7 

 Ediicalidn will <;v(ir lie a part, at least, ot'tlie vi r_v 

 'in'alli ciC li!i('ity. And in adilition to tlie ad\;ui- 

 tnj:es liitlicrto enjoyed hy ns, in lliis ridation, we 

 have a Hoard of Edncallon ini; mi/.iMl :i.hI now 

 hendinfr its energies to llie iiolile ohjeet of eleva 

 tins anil ini)in)vin}; onr eotinnnn sehonls. 'i he 

 fiili litv willi wliicli yon avail yonrseKe.f, u\\ yoni- 

 children's liehalf, of llie advanta^res tlins open to 

 yon, will he rewardiMl hy ldessin<;s, the full worth 

 of wliieh, time alone pan diselose. 



1 he recent inipnlse whieli has hei'n jriven to 

 the itiveslifjation of natural science, may he pro 

 (lurlivi^ (d' incalc'dahle good to t!:e farjiiiri!; inter- 

 est. And all cidlivalors ol' the earth shoidd, at 

 least, he thoroiii-'hly skilled in the vario'i.s eliemi- 

 C'll properties ol" dili'erent soils, plants anil ma- 

 nures. Such knowledge, in irs ajiplicaiion, would 

 prove a ttiiiie 'i wealth. 



The imporlaiicc of disseniinatin!; information 

 nniong farmers, toin-hiiig their profession, has 

 Iieen felt in almost all age-, hy the most en'ight- 

 ene<l govermnents. Important works have come 

 ilown to ns, from the ;'.in-ieiits upon this stdiject. 

 The Koval Society, in Englami, have given niU(di 

 nttenlion to it. 1 he science of agriculture is, 

 pnldiely, tcught in the Swedish, nanislr,;unl Ger- 

 man Univcisities. Spain inviteil the great natu- 

 ralist, Linneus, to superintend r. college fonnded 

 for the promolion of agri<-ulliH-e. In a new col- 

 lege, in Michigan, a department is to he expressly 

 demoted to this imporlaiit hraneh of indu.-=try. In 

 some of (mr seminaric-s of learning, the studeins 

 are enahled to (h^fray a part o( their expens-es hy 

 di'voling a few hours a ilay, ti> g-ardening, finn- 

 inir, or siMiK mechanical employment; — thus imt 

 only are the expenses of etlncation I; psened ; ttie 

 health promoted ; a helter practical edui-alion 

 pained ; hut the pupils, ns they lire swittereil 

 lhrou;;h the community, are prepareil to aid in 

 (he imj.rovement of the most important of hunian 

 arts. 



AL'ricnltinal surveys, in Great Hritain, have 

 neen atlended with the most favorahle results; 

 Ond the farmers of Massachusetts h.-ive reason to 

 foni;r;iiiilatc tlitmselv<'S, tliat such ii survey of the 

 i^ommonwealth is now in progress, under the di- 

 reclio:; of a gentleman wlu>se zial am! intelli- 

 gence in coniM!xion with a^'ricidinre are well 

 ki:own to this society nii'l to New Kngland ; and 

 who has given a pledge of his aliility to discharge 

 tliis duty in tin; fact that he lias adorned whatever 

 he has undertaken. 



Ill a former addressf before you, the great jiii- 

 vileges and advanlnges of the New England far- 

 mer, compared with the conilition of emigrants to 

 the South and West, we;re ably and conclusively 

 shoun. Though our soil may now he inferior in 

 fertility to that in the west and south, yet in all 

 other pidiits pertaiiing to health ; the slate of so- 

 ciety ; the means of intellectual, moral, ami reli- 

 gious improvement — matters which constitute 

 the best elements of happiness — the advantage 

 is, most decidedly, in favor of New lingland. We 

 bave strong tiei", too, to hind us to this soil. 1: 



t By tl:e Hon Jeremiah Spoffurd. 



was the stage on which occurred some id" the 

 most Ilirilling incidents in the lives of our fathers, 

 (t witiiessi;d the most signal proofs of their firm- 

 ness and courage — their trust in God. It con- 

 tains their r!-.iinlileiing remains. Alfccted as we 

 slioiifd he, liy the recolleclioii of their (dianicter, 

 labors, and sacrifices ; Ireailing a soil wlili-h drank 

 their blood ; living beneath a sky, which looked 

 down u|)on their deeds; — every circiimstance is 

 fitted to attach ii.s to a soil ; to niirsi; a manly 

 spirit ; to form a hardy iinil virtiioii.s character. 

 Shall wo not, then, better consult our liajipiness 

 as farmers, by improving, to the iittnost, all the 

 privi eges and advantages, which the .soil of New 

 Cngland aflords us, with its historical associations 

 ami the high moral characti'r <d' its cultivators, 

 than by turning our backs on our fathers' graves, 

 ;iiid s;eking new homes, when; the means of 

 physical comfort, intellectual culture, moral ami 

 religious health are, far less amply enjoyed. 



WIIRAT CROP. 



To the Trustees of the Mtssachusttts A-!;nculturnl 



Hocicty. 



GENTLf-MF.N : The following is a statement of 

 a crop of spring wheat, raised by the subscriber 

 the last season. The soil is a yellow loam on a 

 gravel bottom, aii.l has bci;n planted with corn 

 and pi.tatnes a!t(;rnately, for the last ten years, 

 and has bi;en innnnred with yard manure, put in 

 the holes, at the rale of seven loads on the acre, 

 file ground the past season, was plotigheil and 

 sowed the tenth day of April, with two bushels of 

 white wheat, tifter soakini.' 24 hours in lyeof ash- 

 es. The grain was reaped and threshed the 15th 

 of .August, and r.fter having been spread on the 

 garret floor 10 or IS days, was measured, and the 

 product was thirty-two bushels and fourteen qt». 

 Resjiectfully Yours, 



FREDERIC KMGHT. 



mwhury, jVov. 27, 1837. 



Paltkr Statistics of Massachusftts. — We 

 have received from Mr Bigelow, Secretary of 

 Slate, a copy of the Abstract of Returns of the 

 <Jverseers of the Poor in Massaehnsetts, for 1837, 

 prepared in compliance with the act of the last 

 session of the Legislature. This is llie first nt- 

 teni])t to collect the Pauper Slalisiics of the Coin- 

 nuuiweallh by Legislative authority, ami only two 

 hundred and eighty-nine of the three luindred 

 and five cities and towns, made returns. With 

 this exception, the aggregate of the fourteen conn- 

 tics, presents the following results: — 



Nninber of persons relieved or sup[inrted as 

 paupers during the year, 14,099; number of the 

 preceding having a legal settlement in this Coiii- 

 mouwealth, 8981 ; number of State Paupers, 

 4846 ; number of State Paupers who are foreign- 

 ers, 2870; number of foreigners iVom England 

 and Irel.Tiid, 2533 ; Alms-houses, IfiS ; niimlierol 

 acres of land atiaehed to Alms-houses, 15,053 ; — 

 estimated value of Alms-bouse estalilishmeiits, 

 §803,98276; number of persons relieved in Alms- 

 houses during the year, 6832; average number 

 supjiorled in Ahns-hoiises, 4017; average weekly 

 cost of supporting each pauper in Alms-houses, 

 •S0,91 ; number of persons in Alms-houses unable 

 to perforin labor, 3160; estimated \alue of labor 

 performed by paupers in Alms-lious(;s, $32,368 

 69; nninber of i)iusons aided and supported out 

 of Alms-house, 5618 ; number of Insane relieved 



or supported, 564; nninber of Idiots relieved or 

 supported, 370 ; proportion of panjiers proliahly 

 made so by intemperance in themselves or other.'*, 

 7590 ; number of foregii pnuj) -is which havo 

 come imo the Coinnioiiweallh wiihin o"'e year, 

 434 ; net amount of expense of siipporling :iii<l 

 ndieving paupers, including intere^t on Ahns- 

 lionse estahlrsliments, $306,548 96 ; ainoiiiit re- 

 ceived from the (Hommniiweallh towards tin: siiji- 

 port of State Paupers, $.37,236.— Bosfon Trarii- 

 cript. 



ON THE CULTURE OF THE RUTA 

 HAGA. 



As tlio riita haga and all other root crops aro 

 gaining. espe(;i.illy in this country, I will give y-ou 

 the result of my (;xperieiicc. 1 have raised tho 

 rntii baga, more or less, for several years past. J\Iy 

 usual way has been to sow on new timbered laml 

 without ld.ongliing. 1 have succeeded some years 

 admirably, ami some not so well. I have never 

 attempted a crop of turnips that would not have 

 cleared me $25 per acre. — Some years the ciop 

 has cleari;d over $100 per acre. s 



I propose to give you the result of 1| acres 

 that I liave raised this year. The field was wheat 

 stubble timbered land, which was not | loughed 

 for the wheat crop ; the soil a black sand, mixed 

 with lomn. The piece was ploughed in the spring, 

 thin left iiniil the first week in Jiini-. It was then 

 pluiighed ami harrowed, th^ roots, &c., cleaned 

 from the groiinl, and lour ounces of seed sown 

 broad cast and well haicowed. After they got in- 

 to the rough leaf, they were thinned and cleaned 

 from weeds, 'ibis is all iIk; cultivation, with the 

 exception of a few hours in August, pulling weeds 

 around siiiiii| s, &c. 



The result was, I gathered 800 bushels at fifteei> 

 cents, $120 00 



Dr. to expense preparing ground and 



sowing, 6 00 



" 4i days weeding, &c., 4 50 



'' 63 days gathering, 5 00 



$15 50 

 Neit proceeds of 1] acre.s, $104 50 



No farmer would be wise in selling turiiij s at 

 the price stated above. I count them equal 10 

 corn in the ear, that is, a bushel of turnips aro 

 eipial to a biisliei of ears of corn. — Genesee Farm- 

 er. 



!Wii,WAi'KF.F. Agricultulal Fair. — A fair has 

 hwii held by the citizens of Milwaukee county, 

 Wisconsin Territory, at which many specimensof 

 line cattle and superior vegetables were exhibit- 

 ed. Valuable premiums were also awarded to 

 several individuals. We congratulate the citizens 

 of that rising republic on the projiriety with which 

 they have commenced these matters. To begin 

 ari^jht is certain to ensure success; and Agricul- 

 tural .Shows with Premiums, we believe the most 

 certain way yet devised of ensuring final success 

 to tho cause. We also congratulate them on the 

 early introduction of a good stock of cattle,, and 

 of good kinds of seeds among them. It augurs 

 their ccuiipli te success as a nation of agricultur- 

 ists. — Ohio Farmer. 



1,500,000 bushels of wheat were raised in Mich- 

 igan last year. 



