great fact, and that we cannot arrive at ex- 

 actly. 



We shall proceed to show the number of 

 hog-s raised inoporlionahly in J-]iiroi)o and 

 America. We have before us McGregor's 

 Statistics, which contain a table of the'' ag- 

 riculture and live stock of Europe for 1828. 

 Since then the population of Europe has in- 

 creased more than ten per cent, and if we 

 add ten per cent, to the live stock, we shall 

 have the full amount; for this species of 

 stock does not increase in densely populated 

 countries equally with that of other produc- 

 tions. 



No. 7. Hogs and their trade in the United States and FAirojye. 



the three Slates of Tennessee, Ohio and 

 Kentucky, far more than any other three 

 States, of both Indian corn and hojjs. The 

 twenty-six millions of hogs in the United 

 States can scarcely consume less than two 

 hundred millions of bushels of corn ! Tliey 

 are therefore, the greatest market for that 

 article. 



2. If we suppose these hogs to average 

 180 lbs. each, and to be worth — as tliey are 

 — ^S 50 per cwt., then this animal alone is, 

 in the United. States, worth one hundred 

 and sixty-six viiUions of dollars, or three 

 times the entire cotton crop for the year 

 1845. Tiie value of swine in the State of 

 Ohio alone, exceeds twelve millions of dol- 

 lars. 



3. It is important to discover hovv' large a 

 proportion of swine are annually killed. 

 There are two sorts of consumption for 

 swine. One may be called the commercial, 

 and the other the domestic consumption. 

 One is for tamily use and the other for com- 

 merce. Almost every farmer's family kills 

 one or more hogs. This is a constant drain 

 on the increa&e. But on the other hand the 

 increase of swine is so great that it will ex- 

 ceed in one year the original stock, unless 

 checked. The main inquiry is, how large a 

 proportion of hogs are fatted in order to sup- 

 ply the provisions of commerce 1 In the 

 year 1845, there will have been killed at 

 the various pork packing establishments of 

 Ohio, about 500,000 hogs. About 150,C00 

 of these may be set down as from other 

 States. It is fair, therefore, to assume that 

 commerce consumes about 350,000 hogs in 

 Ohio, per annum. The present stock can- 

 not be much if any under 2,500,009. It fol- 

 lovv's, therefore, that commerce consumes 

 near about one-sixth part of the stock on 

 hand. We believe that in tlie United States, 

 generally, this is much too high an estimate; 

 yet the figures in the Western States will 

 show this result very nearly. 



4. But suppose the total is really as great 

 as the facts imply, then it follows — a fact of 

 great moment to the packer — that no safe 

 conclusion whatever can be drawn from the 

 number of hof^s killed in one year of the 

 real number of the stock that will be brought 

 to market next year. This is obvious, if the 

 reader will reflect, that a given stock of 

 hogs will nearly double themselves in one 

 year, and that yet the number of hogs of 

 commerce is only one-sixth part of the ori 

 ginal number ! This is the great source of 

 the constant errors made in calculating the 

 number of hogs to be brought to market, 

 and the effects on the market. The truth 

 is, the domestic or family consumption is the 



!13 



Russia, 



Austria, 



Great Britain, 



France, 



Italian States, 



Bavaria, 



Netherlands, 



Prussia, 



Sweden, 



Spain, 



Portugal, 



All other States, 



Total, 



Swine of Europe. 

 16,380,000 

 6,050,000 

 5,775,000 

 4,950,000 

 2,750,000 

 1,650,000 

 1,540,000 

 1,645,160 

 1,320,000 

 1,100,000 

 770,000 

 2,348,000 



46,278,160 



To one who is acquainted with the abun- 

 dance of swine, and the facility for raising 

 them in the United States, this table must 

 seem extraordinary. It shows that Russia, 

 Austria, and Great Britain, having a popu- 

 lation of one hundred and twenty millions 

 of people, have only as many swine as the 

 United States with twenty millions ! 



Eight western States, with a population 

 of six millions, have as many swine as 

 Great Britain, France, Prussia, and Bavaria, 

 with seventy-five millions! The Europraii 

 Slates have not enough Indian corn to feed 

 them upon. 



The proportion of swine between the 

 United States and some of the European 

 States, is thus : 



United States to Prussia, 6 to 1 



" " to Austria, 9 to 1 



" " to Great Britain, 7 to 1 



" " to France, 10 to 1 



" " to Spain, 16 to 1 



Russia being a thinly populated country, 

 and having the most mast has the most 

 swine; but tor the converse reason, the 

 southern States of Europe have the least. 

 The United States have six times as many 

 in proportion, as Russia. 



The same disproportion extends, but in 

 less proportion, to other animals. If the 



