VOl,. XII. NO. 9. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



11 



MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



EXHIBITION AT THE MASS. HORT. SOC. 

 ROOMS. 



Saturday, July 20, 1833. 

 Apples. Early Harvest, by Mr. Winship from 

 the garden of Gorham Parsons, Esq. 



Pears. Petit Muscat, by Mr. Samuel Downer, 

 from Scions received by him from Messrs. Blood- 

 good, as the Bleekers Meadow. 



By Jacob Tidd, Esq. of Roxbury — Handsome 

 small early Pears. 



Gooseberries. By Dr. S. A. Shurtleff, Roar- 

 ing Lion ; White Smith ; Green Gage and Golden 

 Ball. 



By Mr. Samuel Walker, Roxbury, several varie- 

 ties. 



By Mr. Abel Houghton, Jr. Lynn, Long Yellow, 

 White Rock ; Green Walnut ; Red Warrington ; 

 Smiling Beauty. 



By Mr. A. D. Williams, Roxbury, several varie- 

 ties. 



Currants. By Mr. A. D. Williams, Large 

 White and Large Red Dutch. By Mr. Samuel 

 Walker, Large Red Dutch. 



A fine specimen of Gridley Cherries was exhib- 

 ited, for premium on Saturday last, by Mr. Rich- 

 ard Ward of Roxbury; and Large Green Ocean 

 Gooseberries by Mr. Samuel Pond, Cambridge, 

 which were omitted. 



For the committee on Fruits, &c. 



E. Vose, Chairman. 

 Specimens of the folio wing varieties of Peas, were 

 exhibited by Mr. Haggerston, from the garden of 

 the Society grown from seed received from the Hor- 

 ticultural and Botanical garden of Naples. Piselli 

 di Roma grandi, a good bearer. Piselli Rossi san- 

 ga filo grandi. Piselli Rossi sanga filo. Piselli 

 sangafilo. Piselli di Roma ; Piselli Rossi ; Piselli 

 di Boemia, the three last varieties prove to be shy 

 bearers. 



Poinsett Peas — pods very full and good bearers, 

 grown from seed received from Mr. S. Walker — 

 introduced into this country by the Hon. Mr. Poin- 

 sett. 



From S. Walker, Roxbury, Dahlia Imperiosa ; 

 Carnations Picotees ; Scabiosa auto purpurea ; 

 Tradescantia virginica; do. do. alba; do. do. ru- 

 bra; Statice tartarica ; Monarda didyma ; do. pur- 

 purea ; Lythrum salicaria; Veronica virginica; — 

 Spirea ulmaria, &c. 



Tho. Mason, Charlestown Vineyard, Dahliasand 

 other kinds of flowers. 



Abel Houghton, Jr. Lynn, variety of Carnations 

 and Pinks. 



Messrs. Winship, several kinds of flowers. 

 Per order, Jon. Winship, Chairman. 



GLASS HONES. 



A Hone, called the ' Patent Silex, or Glass Hone,' 

 has been recently made, possessing the combined 

 virtues of the most improved hones and straps, for 

 the use of razors and penknives, and perfectly free 

 from grit, and does not require the use of oil or 

 water. It produces the keenest edge without wear- 

 ing away, and leaves a polish to the blade. It has 

 four sides, from a coarse ground to a smooth and 

 freely polished surface, and does not destroy the 

 temper of the blade. The price, it is said, 

 will be reasonable, and one hone will last a life 

 time — AT. Y. Adv. 



From the New York Farmer. 

 MISCONSTRUCTION OP WHEEL, CARRIAGES 

 POINTED OUT. 



It is the practice to make the hind wheels of 

 wagons, and most other four wheeled carraiges, 

 the highest ; but the advantage of so doing is not 

 clear to me, and from the following experi- 

 ments, it seems to be erroneous. Most people, 

 too, concerned in the loading of wagons, have 

 an idea that they are drawn more easily if load- 

 ed heaviest before, that is, on the fore-wheels. 

 Having long since embraced a different opinion, I 

 resolved to put it to the test of experiment. I 

 made a small model of a wagon, in size, a twenty- 

 fourth part of the size of those used by farmers 

 in general, and weighing 10 oz. This I placed on 

 an horizontal board, three feet long, which 

 had a small (pull y) wheel at one end, over 

 which ran a tliiu cord, one end of which was fas- 

 tened to the fore-part of the wagon, while from the 

 other end there was suspended a small scale to 

 contain weights, which of its own weight would 

 just move the wagon along the board when un- 

 loaded. 



The first trial was with four wheels of 2 inches, 

 and hind ones of 3 inches diameter. The forepart 

 along the board took 5 oz. in the scale. When 

 off the carriage was then loaded with 33 oz. and 

 the hind wheels with 16 oz. To move this 

 the loading was reversed, that is, 16 before 

 and 32 behind, it was drawn by 4 oz. It was 

 next loaded with 32 oz. on each pair of wheels, 

 and was then drawn by 6 ounces. 



The fore-wheels were next placed in two hol- 

 lows sunk in the board three-eights of an inch 

 deep, loaded as in the first trial. The carriage 

 was drawn out by 29 oz. ; when the loading was 

 reversed, as in the second case, it was drawn by 

 21 oz. ; when loaded equally, as in the third case, 

 it was drawn by 33 oz. 



The hind wheels, were then taken off", and their 

 places supplied by a pair of equal diameters with 

 the fore-ones, namely, 2 inches. 



Loaded as in the first, second, and third instan- 

 ces, it took to move it along the level nearly the 

 the same weights ; but when the fore-wheels were 

 placed in the hollows, it took less by 4 oz. each tri- 

 al ; when the loading was reversed, and made equal, 

 the results were as before. 



The pully-end of the board was then elevated 

 to an angle of 33i degrees with the horizon, which 

 is nearly equal to that of a hill rising 4 inches in 

 the yard ; if loaded as in the first instances, the 

 carriage required to draw it up 13 oz. ; loading re- 

 versed (as before) 15 oz. ;equal, 14 oz.; wheels in 

 the hollows, nearly as before. 



To the above may be added the very great un- 

 easiness occasioned to the shaft-horse, when either 

 of the fore-wheels meets with any obstruction from 

 stones, ice. and which is evidently increased in 

 proportion to the smallness of the circumference. 



E. Vialls. 



MANUAL LABOR SCHOOLS. 



We cannot refrain from a few remarks on this 

 excellent system of education, the progress of which 

 has become so rapid, and which we see from a 

 notice in the last Emigrant is now gaining a place 

 in this Territory. It comprises advantages not to 

 be found in any plan of instruction ever before 

 adopted. The objects of education have become 

 better understood of late, and a new era is about 

 to commence in its modes of operation. The fact 

 is but lately well known and acted upon that the 



body and mind must share equally in our attention 

 if we would insure the improvement of either. 

 We now begin to bear less of the martyrdom of 

 students, whose efforts have been prematurely ar- 

 rested by disease, leaving their friends to weep 

 over their untimely fate, and the loss of all they 

 had hoped to gain from sacrifices of comfort and 

 convenience, to facilitate the progress of their 

 sickly favorites. The student is now like other 

 men — breathes the same air, tastes the same food, 

 and enjoys the same undisturbed slumbers, as the 

 rest of the busy moving throng around him. This 

 is as it should be. The scholar may now be 

 greeted as a fellow by every man of worth and in- 

 dustry, and his efforts may be seen combined with 

 those of the mechanic, the agriculturist and the 

 merchant, in the accomplishment of real substantial 

 ends. He is no longer a visionary, mistaking the 

 delusive phantoms of his disordered brain for the 

 spirits of a clear and perfect perception, but he is 

 in a word a practical man, and one of the world. 

 This system too has another recommendation. It 

 will do away aversion to bodily labor. Many stu- 

 dents become so merely from indolence. They 

 think it very pretty to wear a genteel dress, and 

 be excused from the heats of summer or the frosts 

 of winter, while the labors of others procure them 

 all the necessaries and luxuries of life. To such 

 anti-republican motives a stop is now to be put. 

 He who adopts the student's life hereafter will not 

 be deceived by appearances. He will find that he 

 is not entering a distinct and privileged order. He 

 will see no difference between this and the most 

 laborious class. Heat and cold, hunger and thirst, 

 fatigue and resi, are equally shared by both. But 

 more than all this, we shall in time know of no 

 such distinction as the laboring, and the upper 

 classes. All will be laborers ; all will be students. 

 Every one may rear his children under the same 

 privileges. The poor man may find the educa- 

 tion of his offspring not a burden, but a relief to 

 him, for while they are improving the mind, the 

 labors of the body will more than support it. Such 

 a state of things as a whole community well or 

 highly educated is not impossible or improbable. 

 Occurrences stranger than this are common. In 

 this country nothing is too high or noble in the 

 character of the people, which we may not hope 

 for. — And this once secured, we may be content. 

 All things else are ours when this is attained. 

 Disunion, anarchy, despotism, need no longer be 

 dreaded. We are above their reach. — Detroit 

 Courier. 



INDIAN RUBBER TABLE CLOTHS. 



We have recently seen, and have in our pos- 

 session a sample of a new and superior kind of 

 cover, for tables and stands. They are manufac- 

 tured by Samuel Steele & Co. Woodbury, Ct 

 They are composed of cotton, with a composition 

 of Indian rubber, &c. varnished and bronzed in 

 an elegant manner. They cost but little more 

 than common oil cloths, and are much superior 

 both for beauty and durability. One very import- 

 ant quality which they possess over any oil cloth 

 covers, is their elasticity, as they can be doubled 

 in every possible manner without breaking or in- 

 juring the composition of which they are made. — 

 D anbury Herald. 



Temperance Poet. The immortal Bard of Par- 

 adise Lost entertained a decided aversion to all 

 sorts of 6trong liquors. 



