VOl.. XII. NO. 4. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



27 



wheat was sown after 1 took off the corn in the 

 fall without any dressing of manure. The re- 

 mainder of my wheat laud 1 gave a light dressing 

 of leached ashes, chip dung, &c. I have noticed 

 several pieces of Spring Wheat where the grain 

 appeared promising, particularly one piece of Tea 

 wheat raised hy Mr. Samuel Whitmarsh. Where 

 wheat has been sown on our meadows for the 

 last five or six years it has given the fanner more 

 profit that any crop he could have put on. 

 Yours, Respectfully, Hiram Ferry. 



For the New England Farmer. 

 WINTER RYE. 



Haverhill, July 23, 1833. 



Mr. Fessenden, I noticed in the New Eng- 

 land Farmer for July 17th, an article copied from 

 the " Transactions of the Essex Agricultural Socie- 

 ty" for the year 1832, upon the Cultivation of win- 

 ter Rye. Among a few unimportant errors I ob- 

 served one which perhaps it may be as well to cor- 

 rect. It occurs in the middle column. " Owing to 

 the extent of our tillage land we have not been able 

 to apply more than four or five loads of manure 

 per acre this season." It should have been " each 

 season," that is, each of the "three or four previous, 

 &c." As it appears in the Farmer and also in the 

 " Transactions, &c." one would suppose that four 

 or five loads of manure per acre had been applied 

 when the rye was sown. Had this been the case, 

 the greatness of the crop might have been attribu- 

 ted partly at least to the manure, instead of the pro- 

 cess detailed in the article referred to. Two great 

 objects of the fanner in this part of the country, 

 are, to procure manure in the largest quantity with- 

 out great expense, and at the same time diminish 

 labor as much as possible consistently with the 

 welfare of his crops. The process alluded to was 

 adopted because it was calculated to destroy the 

 weeds and at the same time enrich the soil with- 

 out the application of manure, or much manual 

 labor. 



I would mention as a corroboration of the value 

 of the experiment that we havejust cut a crop of rye 

 off the same piece of land referred to in the above 

 article as sown in 1830. Owing to great pressure of 

 business last year we omitted the process altogeth- 

 er, and notwithstanding the present season has 

 been so favorable for the production of winter 

 rye, the crop though of better quality is not so large 

 as that obtained in 1831 when the experiment 

 was imperfectly conducted, and the season very un- 

 favorable. 



If, sir, you will have the goodness to insert the 

 above in your valuable paper, it will correct an 

 erroneous impression respecting the value of the 

 experiment, and oblige, 



Yours, very respectfully, John Keely. 



LAST WINTER IN EUROPE. 



Some singular facts are connected with the 

 winter which is passing over our heads. As little 

 of severe weather has been felt in this country as 

 under more northern skies. The merry note of 

 the lark was heard in Denmark in the beginning 

 of last month ; nor has there been any cold of 

 moment in the north of Russia. At St. Peters- 

 burg the thermometer never stood so low as 18£ 

 but for a single day, and the whole season has 

 hitherto proved uuusually mild. The centre of 

 Europe has experienced but little cold weather, 

 and still less suow ; even in Prussia scarce a flake 

 has been seen. The south exhibits a signal con- 



trast; and the midland of Asia seems to have been 

 the rallying point of cold. Turkey in Europe, 

 too, has been afflicted with its worst extremities; 

 at Odessa it has prevailed without intermission ; 

 and the Ottoman Monitor tells us that its severity 

 in Turkey in Asia, has been such as to have great- 

 ly contributed to the suspension of military opera- 

 tions. In Persia, and the southern provinces of 

 the Russian empire, it is said to have been alto- 

 gether unprecedented in its virulence. Such a 

 thing as winter is known by name only in Tiflis 

 and Erivan, where the roses bloom in the month 

 of January ; hut this year the cold has been intens- 



er than is ever felt even in the north of Europe 



English Paper. 



THE WORLD IN MINIATURE. 



If we suppose the earth to he represented 

 by a globe a foot in diameter, the distance of 

 the sun from the earth will be about two miles; 

 the diameter of the sun, on the same supposi- 

 tion, will be something above one hundred feet, 

 and consequently his bulk such as might be 

 made up of two hemispheres, each about the size 

 of the dome of St. Paul's. The moon will be 

 thirty feet from us, and her diameter three inches, 

 about that of a cricket ball. Thus the sun would 

 much more than occupy all the space within the 

 moon's orbit. On the same scale, Jupiter would 

 be above ten miles from the sun, and Uranus forty. 

 We see then how thinly scattered through space 

 are the heavenly bodies. The fixed stars would 

 be at unknown distances ; but probably, if all dis- 

 tances were thus diminished, no star would be 

 nearer to such a one-foot earth, than the moon now 

 is to us. On such a terrestrial globe the highest 

 mountains would be about l-80th of an inch high, 

 and consequently only just distinguishable. We 

 may imagine therefore how imperceptible would 

 be the largest animals. The whole organized cov- 

 ering of such a globe would be quite undiscoverable 

 by the eye, except perhaps by color, like the bloom 

 on a plum. In order to restore this earth and its 

 inhabitants to their true dimensions, we must mag- 

 nify them forty millions of times; and to preserve 

 the proportions we must increase equally the dis- 

 tance of the sun and of the stars from us. They 

 seem thus to pass off into infinity; yet each of 

 them thus removed, has its system of mechanical, 

 and perhaps of organic processes, going on upon 

 its surface. But the arrangements of organic life 

 which we can see with the naked eye are few, 

 compared with those which the microscope detects. 

 We know that we may magnify objects thousands 

 of times, and still discover fresh complexities of 

 structure ; if we suppose, therefore, that we in- 

 crease every particle of matter in our universe, in 

 such a proportion, in length, breadth, and thick- 

 ness, we may conceive that we. tend thus to bring 

 before our apprehension a true estimate of the 

 quantity of organized adaptions which are ready to 

 testify the extent of the Creator's power. — [Bridge- 

 water Treatise, by the Rev. W. Whewell.] 



to increase than diminish the robbers of the corn 

 fields. We shall lay no stress upon the report, 

 should any such reach us, that Isaac Hill was the 

 originator of this practice, although it must be ad- 

 mitted that he has a hand in hatching most of the 

 ugly tricks which abound in that State and else- 

 where. jV. Y. Spectator. 



"'" ' "■■■"" " UggiiaUU^L. J 



MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



The Granite State. — Among the laws passed at 

 the last session of the New Hampshire Legislature, 

 was one to repeal a previous act granting a bounty 

 upon the destruction of crows. This repeal was 

 rendered necessary in consequence of a practice 

 extensively prevalent of procuring crow's eggs and 

 hatching them under hens, and bringing forward the 

 brood for the premium. It was found that owing 

 to this practice, the bounty was calculated rather 



EXHIBITION OP FLOWERS AT THE MASS. 

 HORT. SOC. ROOMS. 



Saturday, Aug. 3d, 1833. 



S. Walker, Roxbury, some fine specimens of 

 Dahlias, &c. 



Wit, Kenrick, Newton, Glaucium fulvum ; 

 Dianthus ; Monarda didyma ; Rudbeekia pur- 

 purea ; Campanula alba plena ; Phlox divaricata ; 

 do. pyramidalis ; Verbascum ; Lobelia fulgens ; 

 Roses and Double Dahlias. 



Also, a fine specimen of Magnolia cordata, or 

 yellow twice flowering Magnolia flowers of second 

 season. Peroider, J. Winsiiip. 



In last Saturday's report, we regret that the fol- 

 lowing typographical errors occurred. For alro- 

 purpurearead atropurpurea; for Phlosc read Phlox; 

 for carbata read barbata ; for ten u folia read tenui- 

 lolia ; for canceolata read lanceolata ; for virgica 

 read virginica ; for Ibris read Iberis. 



FRUITS EXHIBITED. 



Apples. Early Harvest, by Mr. Balch, Rox- 

 bury; Red Juneting, by Mr. Vose and Mr.Downer ; 

 William's Favorite, by Mr. Vose and Mr.Downer; 

 River, by Mr. Downer; Shropshirevine or Sopsa 

 vine, by Mr. Vose and Mr. Downer ; Large Early 

 Dough, by Mr. I. Prince (Coxe, No. 3) a very fine 

 variety of sweet flavor ; Moscow Transparent, by 

 Mr. J. Prince, too acid for a desert fruit ; Roxbury 

 Russets (of the growth of 1832) by Mr. John Mae- 

 kay, Weston, in a fine state of preservation. 

 . Pears. Madeleine, by Mr. Marshall, S. Wilder; 

 Posse Madeleine, by Mr.Downer ; July or Sugar- 

 top, by Mr. Downer and Mr. S. Walker ; Fordante 

 d'eti, by Mr. J. Prince ; Bellissime d'eti, or the 

 Breeze of Summer, (Coxe No. 6), by Mr. Manning; 

 Early Catharine or Rousselet Hatif, (Coxe No. 4), 

 by Mr. Manning ; Muscat Robert, from the gardea 

 of R. S. Rogers, Esq. Salem, by Mr. Manning. 



Apricots. By Mr. S. Pond, Cambridge — large 

 and handsome. 



Plums. White Apricot, Morocco and one other 

 variety, by Mr. Downer; Royal Tours, by Mr. P. 

 B. Hovey, jun. Cambridgeport. 



Cherries. Late Duke ? from the garden of S. 

 S. Rogers, Esq. Salem, by Mr. Manning. 

 By order of the Committee, 



E. M. Richards. 



PRODUCTS OF THE KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Mr. David Haggerson, from Mt. Auburn, exhib- 

 ited the following Kitchen Garden I'roducts, mostly 

 from seeds imported from Naples. 



Tagginoli Mostacelli, shy hearer; Ova di trista, 

 vetches ; Cuerchie ; Fagginoli di Napoli ; Naples 

 beans; Piscclli Nana, very dwarf peas, not more 

 than eight inches high, good bearers ; Tagginoli 

 tabacchini, dwarf peas, good bearers, and very 

 early; Tagginoli cannellini dwarf, good bearers; 

 Pescelli nana sango filo, very dwarf, and good 

 hearers; Tagginoli turchi, dwarf, very good bear- 

 ers; Kidney Deans, good bearers; Dwarf Maza 

 gan beans ; Dwarf English Beans. 



Per order, Daniel Chandler 



