vol.. xii. no. an. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



147 



without injury or deterioration ; anil tlie farm- 

 er may always regard it as hating a cash 

 value. When pork is worth six cents per pound, 

 corn may fairly he considered as worth from sev- 

 enty to seventy-five cents per hnshel, provided 

 the animals to he fatted are of a healthy and thrif- 

 ty kind, and the corn is applied in the best form 

 and with proper economy. Its various important 

 uses are too familiar to require remark. It is in 

 truth to he considered as the gold dust of a coun- 

 try, where it is capable of being abundantly pro- 

 duced. Yours respectfully, Henry Colman. 



[from the Columbia Sentinel.] 

 PRACTICAL. EFFECT OP SEASONABLE FARM- 

 ING. 



I have heretofore enjoined the necessity of sea- 

 sonable farming, because I have repeatedly com- 

 pared the appearance of farms thus cultivated with 

 others, perhaps naturally us good, but which by a 

 different course of management — that is, when all 

 the work was done late in the season, or in other 

 words, not until the owners were driven to it — 

 the difference made in every instance is so mani- 

 fest, ami so much in favor of the "go ahead " 

 farmer, that I have often been astonished that the 

 example of the latter was not always followed. — 

 Reflections of this nature have occurred to every 

 farmer of the least observation ; and if there are 

 some who yet practise delay in their work, I trust 

 they will not also advocate it as the best method. 

 It is not in one branch of agriculture alone that 

 the effects of this kind of management have been 

 observable; it extends through all the operations 

 of the year, and uniformly results in this — while 

 the one makes money, the other is gradually be- 

 coming poor. I now design to give a practical il- 

 lustration of this rule, exactly as it has occurred 

 in this vicinity", and as I mean to state simply facts, 

 I trust no one will accuse me of exaggeration. 



Within a few miles of my residence are two 

 farmers, who each have a field of corn, and as I 

 have often seen them at work in their respective 

 lots during the season, I am enabled to state the 

 method of cultivation pursued by each. First, 

 the soil of both was that of our pine plain — a 

 mixture of sand and gravel, but the largest pro- 

 portion is sand. The two pieces were both sod, 

 or laud put down to grass ; one had been in grass 

 two years, the other longer, but in both, previous 

 to ploughing', the grass was abundant and vigor- 

 ous. If a choice had been offered me of either 

 of the lots for a crop of corn, I would have select- 

 ed the one which had been the longest in grass, 

 not only on this account, but because I thought it 

 more inclined to loom than the other lot. Now 

 what I will call the best lot, for such I really con- 

 ceived it to be, was ploughed late and with two 

 horses. It theu lay some time before planting, 

 and the grass was beginning to sprout. It was 

 now furrowed and planted. The corn as it came 

 up had to encounter the grass, which had the start 

 of it, and was permitted to grow some time, so 

 that at the first hoeing the former was small and 

 sickly. However, at a late day this operation was 

 performed, and before the last of the field was fin- 

 ished, the grass in the part first hoed had become 

 vigorous. The plough was after this occasionally 

 used, but never until the shoots of grass were so 

 numerous and as large as to interfere with the 

 young sprouts of corn. This field has now come 

 to maturity, and if the owner gathers fifteen bush- 

 els to the acre, it will be more than he has a right 



to expect, and certainly as much as be can possi- 

 bly gather from it. 



We will now go to the other field, which has 

 been subject to another kind of management, and 

 see the difference in product. — The poorest lot as 

 I call it, was not ploughed early, though in good 

 season, with three Stout horses. Immediately af- 

 ter the ploughing, the harrow was applied, and af- 

 ter that it was furrowed and planted. As soon as 

 necessary the corn was ploughed and hoed ; the 

 plough was likewise used once ortwice afterwards, 

 and always in season, for the object was to keep 

 the young plant clean of grass and weeds, and 

 thus give it not only the entire surface of the 

 ground for its growth, but the roots all the strength 

 for their nourishment that the soil would afford. 

 This field of corn having come to maturity, is a 

 good though not a heavy crop. It will yield, 1 

 think, between forty and fifty bushels to the acre. 

 Comparing the two fields together, therefore, the 

 advantages is two thirds in favor of the seasonable 

 farmer over his monPtardy neighbor. Should I be 

 asked which of these two farmers labored the hard- 

 est on his farm, I would answer promptly, the man 

 who has the poorest piece of corn ; because I no- 

 tice he does all his work late, and is driven by it 

 so that he is always in a hurry, whilst the other, 

 taking "time by the forelock," seems to have 

 plenty of leisure and takes things easy. In cir- 

 cumstances they are much like their respective 

 pieces of corn ; and the disparity between them 

 must become greater and greater, unless the one 

 will imitate the example of the other. 



Reader, I have not amused you with a fictitious 

 story. I have stated only the naked truth, with- 

 out a particle of exaggeration ; and it is not neces- 

 sary for you to visit these two fields of corn to 

 corroborate what I have said. You have only to 

 look around you, and by drawing a comparison 

 you will see the difference between a field of corn 

 or every other kind of grain on which the work 

 has been done properly and in good season, and 

 another where the labor has been performed not 

 only out of season but in an improper manner. 



A. 



MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Salem, November 13, 1833. 



To the Committee on the Cultivation of Orna- 

 mental Plants, i,-c. — Gehtlemkn, Permit me to 

 introduce to your notice a new and distinct variety 

 of the Indian Chrysanthemum. The just celebrity 

 of numerous beautiful cultivated productions of 

 this plant, will render, I trust, my remarks worthy 

 your attention. 



History. In the fall of 1831 a small lot of East 

 India plants, via Macao, were received by Mr. 

 John 31. Ives of this town. Among them was this 

 Chrysanthemum. An accompanying letter staled 

 that it was lately introduced at Macao from Japan, 

 and considered as new and rare : being only in 

 the private collection of a gentleman. It was not 

 till the autumn of 1S32 that it displayed its flow- 

 ers. By the generosity of its proprietor, it was 

 soon gratuitously distributed ; and one of the same 

 plants, I am informed was this year exhibited in 

 full flower, at Mr. Barrett's Seed-store and Agri- 

 cultural Rooms, Boston. 



Description. "Chrysanthemum sinense." Lin. 

 " Chrysanthemum Indicum ?" Variety, " C. Belli- 

 diflorum, daisy flowered Chrysanthemum," Rus- 

 sell. Stem : suflfruticose, branched — branches 



spreading. Leaves: small, pinuatifid, slightly pu- 

 bescent beneath. Flowers: pcdunculed, mostly 

 in pairs ; reddish brown ; small. Peduncules fur- 

 nished with slender brartes ; pubescent, as are 

 also the young branches. Calyx, imbricate, slight- 

 ly scarious. Fertile florets, prominent, forming an 

 elevated centre. Seeds — ? 



Observation. It is obvious that this pretty va- 

 riety must recommend itself to cultivation, remark- 

 able as it is for its dwarf stature and corymbose- 

 mode of growth. The flowers too, are remarka- 

 bly small, bearing no faint resemblance to " Bellis 

 perennis," or common " daisy," from which I 

 have ventured to give it a name. Should any far- 

 ther inquiry be made concerning its history, &c. I 

 can otdy refer to Mr. Ives, bookseller, Salem, who 

 certainly deserves, at least, the sincere thanks of. 

 every lover of ornamental plants, for the care and 

 liberality which he has displayed. 



I remain, gentlemen, yours respectfully, 

 John Lewis Russell, 

 Prof. Bot. & Veg. Physiol. Mass. llort. Soc. 



Salem, 15th November, 1833. 



To the Committee on Ornamental Plants, &,-c. of 

 the Mass. Hort. Society — Gentlemen, I send you a 

 plant of my new Japonese variety of the Chrysan- 

 themum, described by Mr. J. L. Russell, and rais- 

 ed by 31 r. Francis Putnam, who presents it (after 

 exhibition) to the Society's Garden, at 3It. Auburn. 

 Respectfully yours, John M. Ives. 



The thanks of the Society were voted to the 

 above named gentlemen. 



EXHIBITION OF FLOWERS AT THE MASS. 

 HORT. SOC. ROOMS. 



Saturday, Nov. 16th, 1833. 



Charles 31. Hovey, Cambridgeport, Chrysan- 

 themums; — Tasselled white, do. yellow, Quilled 

 flame yellow, Golden lotus, Straw colored, Park's 

 small yellow, Clustered pink or Tasselled lilac, 

 Rosea, Buff or Orange, Brown purple, Straw pur- 

 ple, Ex. light purple, Curled lilac, Changeable li- 

 lac or Pink and white, 2 colored red, Mahogany 

 colored, Paper white, Sup. clus. yellow, Superb 

 large buff or pale buff, Early blush. 



John 31. Ives, Salem, Chrisanthemum sinense. 



By order of Committee, Jona. Winship, Ch. 



EXHIBITION OF FRUITS. 



Apples. From Rev. Dr. Porter, Roxbury, fine 

 specimen of the yellow Bellflower of Cox. 



Mr. R. 3Ianuing, Salem, Epps's, or Danvers 

 Winter Sweet, a good baking apple. 



3Ir.S.Downer,Dorchester,a fine apple (name lost.) 



Mr. , 3Iarlboro', a good Seedling apple. 



Mrs. Crehore, Milton, a good Seedling apple. 



Pears. Win. E. Payne, Waltham, Bon Louise 

 an excellent pear. 



31r.G.N.Fisher,Needham, Holland Green of Cox. 



Mr. Rand, Newburyport, Winter Catherine, a 

 good pear. 



3Ir. R. 3Ianning, Holland Green of Cox, Bon 

 Louise of Duhamel and the Winter Orange, de- 

 sirable pears of the season. 



Mr. J. P. Bradlee, from the Garden of Thos. 

 Wigglesworth of this city, a fine specimen of the 

 Beurre Gris, a pear of great excellence. 



Mr. Samuel Downer, Dorchester, a fine speci- 

 men of the Beurre Diel, lot averaging 12£ oz. ; this 

 pear fully sustains the character given of it by po- 

 mologists. 



Grapes. J. P. Bradlee, from Nantucket, Isa- 

 bella grapes. 



For the Committee, Benj. V. French. 



