VOL. XII. NO. 



AND HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL. 



171 



an honest livelihood in the tranquil shades of the 

 country." 



In the praise of agriculture he might have gone 

 further, and extolled it as an occupation at once 

 sublime and useful — which ennobles man, gives 

 peace to his mind, virtue to his heart, placidity to 

 ids countenance, and calmness to his passions. 

 Absorbed in the holy contemplation of mute but 

 eloquent Nature, or engrossed in the avocations 

 that give sustenance and comfort to his fellow be- 

 ings, he is equally blessed in the fruit of his labors, 

 or the fragrance of his meditations. 



For tli-: New England Farmer. 

 OFFICIAL STATEMENT OF THE EXHIBITION 



OF BUTTER AND CHEESE, 



MADE UNDER THE AUSPICES OK THE MASSACHUSETTS 



SOCIETY FOR PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURE. 



The Committee upon Butter and Cheese, con- 

 sisting of E. Hersy Derby, Edward T. Hastings, 

 and John Kurd, Esqrs. report as follows: 



For Butter there were twenty-one entries. — 



12 from the county of Worcester, Mass. 

 3 from other counties, do. 



5 from Vermont. 

 1 from New York. 



The whole quantity exhibited about twelve thou- 

 sand pounds. 



The Committee, after a very careful and critical 

 examination of all the statements made by the sev- 

 eral claimants, respecting the number of cows 

 kept upon the farm, the mode of keeping them, 

 the treatment of the milk and cream, the method 

 of churning, in winter and summer, the means 

 used to express the buttermilk, the quantity of 

 salt employed, whether saltpetre or any other sub- 

 stances have been used in the process, the best 

 time for churning and keeping butter in hot weath- 

 er, the best method of preserving it, in and through 

 the summer and winter, and in what vessels, — 

 Report, that they do not find in any of the state- 

 ments, a process described, which diners essen- 

 tially from those given the last year. In all of 

 them cleanliness in every part of the process of 

 Butter-making, is considered as very essential ; and 

 that for keeping, it is important to have it packed 

 very solid, to exclude the air as much as possible. 

 This was exemplified in one of the lots entered ; 

 the butter was in small balls, and well made, and 

 the Committee were of opinion that the same but- 

 ter properly packed, would have been worth at 

 least 10 per cent, more than at present. 



The butter generally was considered of a supe- 

 rior quality to that exhibited the last year. 



The lot offered by Richard Hildreth of Sterling, 

 Mass. was considered of very extra quality. The 

 Committee therefore unanimously awarded to him 

 the first premium of Fifty Dollars. 



The whole of the lot offered by Luther Cham- 

 berlain of Westborough, Mass. the Committee con- 

 sidered very fine — two tubs did not appear to be 

 quite equal to the others in flavor. The Commit- 

 tee, however, had no hesitation in awarding to 

 him the second premium of Thirty Dollars. 



William Bachop of Barnet, Vermont, had a very 

 large lot of butter in the hall, but only offered 

 seven tubs for premium. These were examined 

 by the Committee, who after much deliberation, 

 agreed to award the third premium of Thirty dol- 

 lars to Mr. Bachop, though for some time they 

 were in doubt between the quality of this butter, 

 and that of Mr. Harvey of Barnet, and Mr. Cush- 

 ing of Woodstock, Ver. the two last being quite 

 equal in flavor, but not quite so well put together. 



The premium butter sold at auction as follows : 



1st do do 41 cents pound. 



2d do do 4 1 do 



3d do from 38 to 31. 



There were ten entries of Cheese, old and new, 

 most of them from the county of Worcester, one 

 from Vermont — the whole amount being about 

 3000 pounds. All the cheese offered the Com- 

 mittee considered of very good quality, far superior 

 to any ottered at the exhibition last year ; anil after 

 a full and careful examination they were unanim- 

 ous in the opinion that both premiums should lie 

 awarded. They therefore awarded to Mr. John 

 Mathews of New Braintree, for his lot of prime 

 Old Cheese, the premium of Thirty dollars. And 

 to Mr. Roswell Converse of New Braintree, for his 

 lot of prime New Cheese, the premium of Twenty- 

 five dollars. 



The Committee would express their obligation 

 to Mr. Newell A. Thompson who officiated as Sec- 

 retary, and also to Messrs. Cooledge & Co. who 

 officiated as Auctioneers in selling the Butter and 

 Cheese. E. Hersy Derby, Chairman. 



Boston, Dec. 4th, 1833. 



REMARKS ON NEAT CATTLE. 



BY MR. MARSHALL. 



1. The head small and clean, to lessen the 

 quantity of offal. 2. The neck thin and clean, to 

 lighten the fore-end, as well as to lessen the col- 

 lar; and make it fit close and easy to the animal 

 in work. 3. The carcass large, the chest deep, 

 and the bosom broad, with the ribs standing out 

 full from the spine; to give strength of frame and 

 constitution, and to allow sufficient room for the 

 intestines within the ribs. 4. The shoulders should 

 be light of bone, and round off at the lower point, 

 that the collar may be easy, but broad, to give 

 strength ; and well covered with flesh, for tiie 

 greater ease of draught, as well as to furnish a de- 

 sired point in fattening cattle. 5. The back ought 

 to be wide and level throughout ; the quarters 

 long; the thighs thin, and standing narrow at the 

 round bone ; the udder large when full, but thin 

 and loose when empty, to hold the greater quan- 

 tity of" milk ; with large dug-veins to fill it, and 

 long elastic teats for drawing it off with greater 

 ease. 6. The legs (below the. knee and hock) 

 straight, and of a middle length ; their bones, in 

 general, light and clean from fleshiness, but with 

 joints and sinews of a moderate size, for the pur- 

 pose of strength and activity. 7. The flesh ought 

 to be mellow in the state of fleshiness, and firm in 

 the state of fatness. 8. The bide mellow, and, of 

 a middle thickness, though, in our author's opinion, 

 this is a point not yet well determined. 



Cattle, as well as horses, have been observed to 

 thrive better iu salt marshes than in fresh-water 

 meadows, or uplaud pastures ; and it has been 

 conjectured that the herbs produced by the lands 

 near the sea, are more healthy for herbaceous ani- 

 mals, than such as grow on higher lands. But it 

 is said, that the saline particles with which the 

 earth, as well as its produce near the sea is strong- 

 ly impregnated, occasions this beneficial change iu 

 the condition of cattle; as these salts purge away 

 the foul humors which the beasts have contracted, 

 either by idleness, or by being overheated in labor. 

 As cattle are naturally fond of salt, and if left at 

 their liberty will take no more of it than what is 

 conducive to their health, it is recommended to 

 lay common sea-salt in the fields, for them to lick 

 as often as they please. 



OUR CLIMATE. 



The completest Meteorological Journal ever kept 

 in this country was that of the late Dr. Holyoke of 

 Salem, which begins with 1786 and continues to 

 the end of 1821, a period of 36 years, and is pre- 

 sented in the same number of volumes of MS. alt 

 in the Doctor's neat and accurate hand-writing. It 

 comprises two daily observations, during all this 

 time with the barometer, eight with the thermom- 

 eter, four of the winds, generally four with the 

 hydrometer, and four of the state of the weather, 

 besides numerous occasional notices of various ir- 

 regular phenomena. A considerable portion of 

 this valuable record, perhaps the most laborious of 

 any kind ever composed in this country by one in- 

 dividual, has been published among the Memoirs 

 of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 

 under the supervision of Dr. Hale of this city. 

 The mean temperature of Salem appears from this 

 Journal to be 45, 5 deg. In regard to the pro- 

 gressive amelioration of our climate, it has been 

 generally believed that the progress of cultivation 

 and population has had a material effect, but it 

 would seem this does not hold true of the section 

 of the country in question, during a period when 

 these changes have taken place in a very consid- 

 erable degree. The mean of the first 10 years is 

 48,27 deg. that of the last, 47,85 deg. The high- 

 est year in the whole series is 1793, the lowest 

 1812. It also appears that the common impres- 

 sion is a mistaken one, that the Spring advances 

 more rapidly, in proportion to the rest of the year, 

 than it did formerly. — Boston Mer. Journal. 



Steamer New-England. The board of examin- 

 ers, at the head of which was Professor Silliman, 

 appointed to investigate the causes of the destruc- 

 tion of the boat, have reported that the sole cause 

 of the bursting of the boilers was the immense 

 pressure of steam to which they were subjected 

 through the negligence of the engineer. 



MASS. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



EXHIBITION OF FRUIT AT THE MASS. 

 HORT. SOC. ROOMS. 



Saturday, Dec. 7, 1833. 



Apples. By Mr. Richards, Rhode Island Green- 

 ings, — Marygold, and several other varieties. 



By Samuel Pond — an apple for the Spanish 

 Reinette, of the Colville species, and bearing a 

 close resemblance to the White Colville. 



By Mr. Manning — Red Doctor or Dewitt of 

 Cox; Michael Henry, do. ; Pennock's Red Win- 

 ter do. do. ; Winesap do. do. ; Winter Queen do. 

 do.; Carthouse or Gilpin do. do.; Bourassa of 

 Ronald ; PommeGris do. do. ; — Also Ortley, Down- 

 ton Golden Pippin, Wellington ; neither of these 

 two last have yet proved iu our climate, what they 

 have been represented by the English writers in 

 their own country — many of our own native fruits, 

 the selections from the innumerable native or- 

 chards, proving very superior. Four unknown 

 kinds were also exhibited by Mr. Manning. 



Pears. By Mr. Samuel Pond. 



By Mr. Richards, St. Germain. 



By Mr. Manning, Martin Sec, Angelique de 

 Rome Louise Bonne — Easter Beurre and 3 kinds 

 names unknown. 



Fine specimens of Passe Colmarand some other 

 varieties were also exhibited. 



William Kenrick. 



