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PUULISHED UV GEO. C. BARRETT, NO. ,K, NORTH MARKET STREET, (at thk Agricultural Wa«ehouse.)-M\ G. FESSENbEN EDITOR. 



VOL. XII. 



BOSTON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 26, 1834. 



NO. 46. 



From GoodseWa Farmer. 

 EXPLANATION OP AGRICULTURAL, TERMS. 



1. Broad-Cast Husbandry — is that in which the 



grain or sml is sown by ;i cast of t lie hand, so as 

 to lie strewed equally as possible over the whole 

 ground. 



2. Drill Husbandry — is that in which the grain 

 or seed is sown in rows, by means of machines 

 contrived for that purpose, and ilie ground after- 

 wards kept stirred and cleared of weeds hy a kind 

 of plough called the linrse-hoe, hence sometimes 

 called the horse-hoeing husbandry. 



'3. Convertible Husbandry — is when the ground 

 is cultivated alternately in tillage and grass. This 

 is much practised in some parts of the country, 

 with wheat and clover. A field in clover soon 

 after haying, is turned up and sowed with wheat 

 and clover seed. After the wheat is taken off it is 

 once mowed, when it is again ploughed up and 

 sowed as before ; thus the ground carries the 

 wheat every other year, and the intermediate 

 years, clover. The term applies also to a succes- 

 sion of tiny kind of crops in which grass is com- 

 prehended as one. 



4. Trench Ploughing — is running the plough 

 twice in the same furrow. In doing this the top 

 soil, with all its foul weeds, cast to the bottom of 

 the trench, a new snil is thrown up on which the 

 sun has never before shed its ray's. It is done 

 sometimes at one operation, by a [il :ti eons 



ed for the purpose, called a trench plough. 



5. Horizontal Ploughing — is so conducted, by 

 the use of an instrument, called " ratter level," as 

 to lay the side hills in horizontal beds, about six 

 feet wide, with deep hollows or water furrows be- 

 tween, for the purpose of retaining the rains. 



6. Indigenous Plants — tire such as are natives 

 of the country in which they are found or grow. — 

 Thus, maize, the potato, and tobacco, are called 

 indigenous to America, having been found here, 

 and from America introduced into Europe. 



7. Exotic Plants — are such as tire natives of 

 foreign countries. Such as the lemon tree, and 

 many others, when introduced into the New Eng- 

 land states, are cultivated in hot houses. 



S. Annual Plants — are such as are of hut one 

 year's duration. Such are the most of our garden 

 plants, and all others growing from si'vt\ sown in 

 the spring, which are at maturity in the summer 

 or autumn following, producing flowers and ripe 

 seed, and afterwards perish both iu their top ami 

 roots. 



9. Biennial Plants — are such as, in their roots 

 at least, are of two years' duration. Many of 

 these plants perish In their top the first year, but 

 live in the- root through the winter, and the second 

 year shoot up stalks, flower, produce seed, and 

 afterwards perish both in root and branch. Such 

 are the parsnip, carrot, &c. 



10. Perennial Plants — are such as are of many 

 years' duration. Such are all plants whether the 

 leaves and stalks perish annually or not, provided 

 the roots are' id' many years' duration, as the horse 

 radish, burdock, &c. 



11. Herbaceous Plants — are those whose herb, 

 that is, whose stem and branches are of but one 

 year's duration whether the root be annual, bien- 

 nial, or perennial. 



12. Esculent Plants — are such as are replete 

 with nutritious matter, consequently proper for 

 being eaten as food. Such are parsnips, carrots, 

 cabbage, and various others of a similar nature. 



13. Umbelliferous Plants — are all such as pro- 

 duce their flowers on the end of numerous little 

 Sower slocks, or rays, nearly equal in length, 

 spreading from a common point or centre, funn- 

 ing a level, usually convex or globose surface, 

 somewhat like a spread umbrella, as the parsnip, 

 carrot, &c. 



14. Leguminous Plants — are those of the pulse 

 kind, which producing their seeds iu pods, may be 

 gathered by the hand, as peas, beans, &c. 



15. Culmiferous Ptants — are all such as have 

 smooth pointed stems, and whose seeds tire inclosed 

 in chaffy husks or coverings. All the grains and 

 most of the grasses, as well as many other plants 

 are of this kind. 



16. Deciduous Plants — are all such plants wheth- 

 er of the tree or shrub kind, as shed or lose their 

 leaves in the autumn or winter seasons. 



17. Tuberous Plants — are such as consist of one 

 or more knobbed tubes of a solid fleshy substance, 

 as the potato, artichoke, &c. 



IS. Bulbous Roots — tire such as have a round- 

 ish, swelling, bulbous form, composed of numer- 

 ous scales or coats, as the onion, garlic, &c. 



19. Tap Roots — are such as iu the form of a 

 ftp descend down into the ground iu a perpendicu- 

 lar direction, as the carrot, parsnip, red clover, &c. 



20. Fibrous Roots — are such as are wholly com- 

 posed of numerous thready or fibrous parts, such 

 as the roots of all kinds of grain. 



21. Fadicles or Radicles — in botany, are in the 

 small fibrous roots, which extend themselves in 

 every direction ill the earth for the purpose of col- 

 lecting nourishment for the support of the plant. 



22. White Crops — are such as become bleached, 

 and dry while ripening their seed; such are all the 

 various kinds of grain. 



23. Green Crops — All plants while their leaves 

 continue green, and especially such as having 

 large leaves, draw much of their nourishment 

 from the atmosphere. The Green Crops therefore 

 exhaust the soil much less than the white crops, 

 whose leaves becoming dry, receive nothing from 

 the atmosphere, but draw all their support from 

 the soil while ripening their seed. 



24. Rotation of Crops — is a course of different 

 crops, iu succession on the same piece of ground, 

 for a certain number of years, after which the 

 course is renewed and goes around again in the 

 same order. There is a difference between a 

 course of crops and a rotation of crops. Thus, if a 

 piece of ground in sward be broken up and plant- 

 ed with Indian corn the first year, the second year 

 with potatoes, the third year sowed with oats and 

 grass seed : and mowed the fourth, fifth and sixth 

 years, this makes a course in crops. If then the 

 seventh year it again he broken up, planted as be- 

 fore, and the same course of cropping pursued, it 

 becomes a rotation of crops. 



25. Soiling — is the feeding of cattle, either in 

 the barn or yard, through the summer, with new 

 mown grass or roots. 



26. Live Hedge — is a fence formed of living 

 plants, usually the white thorn, planted closely in 



rows, which being trimmed annually, and kept 

 clear of weeds, in a few years grow into a living 

 permanent fence, capable of stopping effectually 

 every kind of domestic animals. Most of the com- 

 mon farm fences iu England are of this kind. 



27. Quicks — a inn ■ommonly given to the 



young plains of the white thorn used in planting 

 hedges. 



28. Layers — are the tender branches of trees and 

 shrubs bent down ami buried iu the earth, leaving 

 i he top out, in which sil nation they are fastened with 

 hooks to prevent their rising. The part iu the 

 earth sends out roots, after which it is separated 

 from the parent tree, and transplanted in the same 

 manner as the trees raised from the seed. 



29. Cuttings or Slips — tire small portions of the 

 twigs, branches or roots of plants, cut off with a 

 knife, or slipped oft* with the thumb and finger, for 

 the purpose of setting or planting in the earth, 

 with ;i vifew of producing new plants or trees of 

 the same kind. 



30. Sets — are young plants taken from the seed 

 bed to he set or planted out. Cabbage, and vari- 

 ous plants are usually propagated in this way, be- 

 ing first sown in beds, from which the plants are 

 taken up and set out in the fields or gardens. 



31. Fallow — signifies hind iu a state of rest, not 

 being planted in- sown for a season, but repeatedly 

 ploughed and harrowed, for the purpose of clear- 

 ing it^ weeds and dividing and pulverizing the 

 soil nnVc perfectly. Such is sometimes called a 

 naked fallow, because the hind carries no crop. 



32. A Green fallow — is that where the land has 

 been rendered mellow and clean from weeds, hy 

 means of some kind of green crops, such as turnips, 

 peas, potatoes, &c. cultivated by the horse plough 

 and hoe. The crop so cultivated and for the 

 above purpose, is called a fallow crop. In this 

 mode of fallowing, no time is lost by the land be- 

 ing left idle or iu an unproductive state. Fallow- 

 ing is sometimes distinguished hy the season of the 

 year in which the business is either principally or 

 wholly accomplished ; hence we have summer, 

 winter and spring fallow. 



33. Winter fallow — is only breaking up the land, 

 or ploughing in the fall, and leaving it exposed to 

 the action of the frosts of the winter. 



34. Dibble — is a tool of very simple construc- 

 tion, for making holes in the ground at equal dis- 

 tances, in which certain seeds are sometimes 

 planted. Seeds planted in this way are said to be 

 dibbled in. It is used also in transplanting. The 

 handle of an old spade or shovel, sharpened at the 

 lower end, may answer very well for this purpose. 



SPLENDID CAULIFLOWER. 



At a meeting of the committee of management 

 of the Maryland Horticultural Society, on Thurs- 

 day the 8th inst., a cauliflower was exhibited by 

 Mr. Thomas Dixon, gardener to Mrs. Donnell of 

 Willenbrook, which measured two feet eleven in- 

 ches in circumference. It was remarkably com- 

 pact and firm, and in the highest degree of perfec- 

 tion. It was considered by all the members the 

 finest ever exhibited in Baltimore, and several 

 gentlemen who had been familiar with this delic- 

 ious vegetable in Europe, said it would have been 

 considered a first rate one. — American Farmer. 



