VOX.. X\l. NO. 50. 



AND 



HORTICULTURAL JOURNAL 



4 or, 



fodder is short; to fatten sheep,, raise up poor 

 horses, young calves, and to furnish a plentiful 

 supply of good yellow butter for the market, at 

 this season of the year, when it now wears such u 

 pale, corn-stalk hue, and tastes so strongly of sil- 

 ver, that we poor citizens can hardly relish the 

 taste of it. — 



" To the Agricultural Society of Stark County, 

 Farmers general!}/. 



The destruction of the wheat crops in this sec- 

 tion of the country by the late severe frosts, it is 

 presumed has been discovered by every observing 

 wheat farmer, but if any are not apprised that 

 their wheat, is destroyed, and suppose, it is sate 

 because their fields appear green and vigorous, I 

 would direct them to examine the inner part of 

 die stem immediately above each joint, firstdivest- 

 ing the stem of its double covering, and if they 

 find the tender part of the stem, (which in a heal- 

 thy state, easily separates from the joint,) is of a 

 deep green color, all such stems 1 would pro- 

 nounce destroyed ; that although they will for 

 some time imbibe the sap and nourishment from 

 the root, they will perish without producing a 

 bead ; therefore, that the root may not be exhaust- 

 ed by throwing its nourishment into the present 

 stem, and give it an opportunity sooner to throw 

 out new shoots, which will come forth about the 

 same time, I am cutting wheat as near the ground 

 as J can with the scythe. The success of this 

 plan to save the crop is strongly supported by the 

 following fact: On the evening of the 2 1st day 

 of May, IS] 6, I arrived on my farm in this vicin- 

 ity from the South with 200 head of cattle : on 

 that night the whole number broke into my wheat- 

 field, passed over two or three acres of it, and 

 beiug hungry and fatigued, devoured all, bare to 

 Uie ground, as far as they went. This part of the 

 field I considered entirely lost, but it soon put forth 

 shoots from the roots, and grew up an even and 

 uniform crop: and now I must crave the indul- 

 gence of farmers, and particularly those who do 

 not know me, when 1 state the fact that that 

 which was eaten down, produced as good a crop 

 or better in the opinion of some who were em- 

 ployed in harvesting it, than that part of the field 

 which had not been eaten down, and though pur- 

 haps not quite so ripe was cut with the other part 

 of the field. 



The wheat that is frozen will put out shoots 

 from the roots, whether we cut it or not; but if 

 not, they will put out, grow up, and ripen une- 

 qually, for they will only put out as the old stock 

 decays, and consequently will be later than when 

 it is removed. John Myers. 



Canton, (Olio,) 21st of May, 1834." 



ON THE CULTURE OP CLOVER. 

 Few things have contributed more largely to 

 the modern improvement of husbandry, than the 

 introduction of clover in connexion with the rota- 

 tion of crops. This plant serves to ameliorate and 

 fertilize the soil, and at the same time it affords an 

 abundance of wholesome food for every descrip- 

 tion of farm stock. Whether cut for winter stores, 

 for soiling in the yard, or fed off by stock, but 

 few crops surpass it in the quantity of cattle food 

 which it affords. Although cultivated in Holland 

 and Flanders from an early period, with great ad- 

 vantage, it was not introduced into Great Britain 

 till the 16th century. At present, clovers enter 

 largely into the succession of crops there, on all 

 soils, and in every productive course of manage- 



ment. They are principally instrumental in giv- 

 ing to Flanders its high celebrity as fin agricultu- 

 ral country, greatly in advance, in improvement, 

 of the stales around it. The clover system has 

 converted some of the poorest districts in Eng- 

 land, into the most productive and profitable. In 

 the United States it is comparatively of recent in- 

 : rod net ion ; and even at this day its bene (its are but 

 partially appreciated or applied as they ought to 

 he. In connexion with gypsum, clover first be- 

 came a subject of notice and culture in the coun- 

 ties' about Philadelphia, and in the county of 

 Dutchess, some forty years ago; and we arc 

 much indebted to the example and writings of 

 Chancellor Livingston, Judge Peters, and other 

 gentlemen of learning, wealth and enterprise, for 

 the improvement and wealth which it has confer- 

 red on our land. Many of our farmers have yet 

 much to learn, before they can realize the full 

 benefits which it is capable of affording in the 

 profits of the farm. Although botanists enumer- 

 ate nearly fifty species of the clover family, our 

 present remarks are intended to apply merely to 

 the common red kind (trifolium pratense). 



There are three faults in the management of 

 clover which we design briefly to notice in refer- 

 ence to alternate husbandry. Two of these are : 



1. Too Utile seed is usually sown. The ob- 

 ject of the clover crop is to procure a cheap fo.oil 

 for animals and plants. Few if any crops surpass 

 it in the quantity which it affords of these — and 

 few exhaust the fertility of the soil less. — One 

 farmer sows four to six pounds of seed to the acre, 

 and gets in return a thin but coarse crop of hay 

 or pasture. — Another sows ten to fourteen pounds, 

 obtains double the burthen of the first, and at a 

 trifling extra expense of less than a dollar to the 

 acre for seed, while his land is doubly benefitted 

 by the green crop to be ploughed in. From ten 

 to fourteen pounds of seed should be sown to the 

 acre, whether the object is to benefit the stock or 

 the land. The product will be somewhat in the 

 ratio of the seed sown ; and the advantages of 

 heavy stocking both in the hay and to the soil, will 

 far outbalance the cost of the extra seed. 



2. Clover lays are permitted to remain too long 

 before they are brought under the plough. The 

 common clover is a biennial, or at most a trien- 

 nial plant; and if not ploughed under before the 

 third year, its advantages to the soil, as a green 

 crop are mostly, or wholly lost ; while after the 

 second year it adds very little to the crop of hay. 

 But if turned under the first orsecond year, it fur- 

 nishes to the soil a great quantity of vegetable mat- 

 ter, the true food of plants. It not only serves as 

 a manure, but it benefits mechanically. ' Its tap 

 roots penetrate and divide the soil, and as they 

 decay render it friable, and permeable to heat, air, 

 and moisture. A well set clover lay imparts to 

 the soil as much benefit, in our opinion, as ten 

 loads of yard manure to the acre. When a broad- 

 cast crop is to be followed by a tillage crop, as 

 corn, potatoes, or small grain, there is manifestly 

 a decided advantage in stocking it with clover, 

 though it is to be turned under the ensuing fall or 

 spring. We estimate its value as manure, to say 

 nothing of the pasture which it affords, at from 

 five to ten dollars per acre, while the cost of the 

 seed does not ordinarily exceed one dollar. I 

 have sown rye and clover, upon a piece of poor 

 sandy land, for which I had no manure to spare, 

 three years in succession with manifest advantage. 

 — Albany Cultivator. 



DISEASES OP HOGS. 



I am engaged in milling, and have kept a stock 

 of about three hundred hogs in a large frame pen 

 divided into twenty-four rooms, with plank floor, 

 and lodging rooms covered and boarded, leaving 

 open only sufficient room for them to enter. 

 They had been fed on bran, shorts, and coarse 

 middlings. I have lost during the last winter, 

 about fifty — many of them were fat, and would 

 weigh two hundred when dressed. 



They are taken with weakness in the back, 

 and lose the use of their hind parts — generally 

 live from two to three weeks. On opening tlieiri 

 have always found a great many slim worms, 

 about an inch long in the leaf, and about the hack 

 bone. I have tried all medicines recommended 

 by farmers in this section, and in no instance 

 had a cure. 



I have a neighbor, who purchased a drove last 

 fall, and lias given them seven hundred dollars 

 worth of corn, and the stock now left are not 

 worth the first cost in consequence of the same 

 disease. 



You, or your correspondents will confer a fa- 

 vor by giving me such information as you or they 

 possess respecting a remedy. 



Yours, respectfully, R. H. II. 



Venice, Huron co., Ohio, April 2. 



PRESERVING BACON. 



There is much said about preserving bacon. 

 I have noticed in all the communications on the 

 subject, that it is recommended to have the bacon 

 well dried; and I think this is the principal thing 

 required. If bacon is not well dried, there is 

 nothing that it can be packed in, that will keep it 

 sound. When bacon is hung up for drying, 

 boards or plank should be laid on the joints over 

 it, in order to keep dirt or dust from falling on it, 

 also to keep the smoke from escaping too soon. 

 A smoke should be kept under it till it is thorough- 

 ly dry, and be continued in wet weather in the 

 summer. Whoever will follow this plan will save 

 their bacon. — Southern Planter. 



From the JXeto London Gazette. 



cows. 



The following statement of the cost, expense 

 and the avails of a Cow for 14 months, made by a 

 gentleman of this city, who has been a practical 

 farmer, and who is no bad calculator, shows how 

 profitable Cows may be with proper management. 

 A farm of 100 acres, by such calculation and man- 

 agement as stated below, supposing it kept only 

 twelve cows, would afford an annual income of at 

 least S1600. 



Dr.— Cost of Cow and Calf, $20 



Pair] for Pasturage, 15 



1J tons Hay, at 81-5, 22 50 



One ton Corn-stalks, 6 



20 bushels Bran, at 20c. 4 



266 lbs. Oil Cake, at lc. 2 €6 



40 bush. Potatoes and Turnips at 20c. 8 

 8 bush. Potatoes at 42c. 3 36 



87 62 

 $5 44 



Cr.— By Calf sold, 



10 quarts of Milk per day, for 14 



months, at 5 cents per quart, 210 

 Cow sold for Beef, 45 84 



Nett profit, 



$291 28 

 §173 76 



