CONSPECTUS HEPATICARUM 



[Spruce). 



Suborder I. JUNaERMANIACEiE. 



Vegetation foliose, in a very few species frondose. Fruit soli- 

 tary, pedicellate, capsule quadrivalvate, very rarely irregularly 

 rupturing. Elaters mixed with the spores. Androecia spicate, 

 often amentiform ; antheridia enclosed in leafy bracts, in a few 

 frondose species only either scattered or seriate upon the stem and 

 ebractate. 



Tribe I. JUBULE^. 



Eamification always lateral, i.e. having distichous, for the 

 most part infra-axillary branches arising from among the lateral 

 leaves only, never from the stipules. Leaves always alternate, 

 incubous, complicato-bilobate, the smaller inferior lobule generally 

 inflated or saccate. Stipules present in nearly all species, radi- 

 culose; in a few species absent, in which case the radicles are 

 in two rows along the stem, in a very few species they are dupli- 

 cate (that is, in two rows). Flowers $ most frequently diandrous, 

 in a few species monandrous. Flowers ? monogynous or 1—4- 

 gynous. Perianth always present, free, more or less frontally 

 compressed, 2-12-angled, constricted at the apex, shortly tubular. 

 Calyptra constantly free both from the perianth and the pistillidia. 

 Capsule on a short pedicel, globose, quadrivalvate for only two- 

 thirds of its length from the apex, the lower third being undivided 

 and forming a neck or apophysis, which is really the dilated apex 

 of the pedicel. Elaters monospiral, truncate, persistent. 



