258 HEPATIC^. 



5 laj^ers of cells. Spores pale yellowish-brown, large, almost 

 twice the breadth of the elaters, which are darker brown, long, 

 with about 24 spiral turns. 



Androecia on short catkins, immediately below the perianth or 

 on main stem ; perigonial bracts but little different from the 

 leaves, except that a small lobe is produced at the antical base, 

 enclosing 1-3 spherical, shortly stipitate antheridia. 



Fruits April, May, June. 



Var. pallescens {Jungermania pallescens, Schrad. Syst. Samml. 

 Krypt. Gew. 2, p. 7 (1797); ChUosci/jjhiis jjallescens, Dum. Syll. 

 Jung. p. 67 (1831)) is the small, pale green, neat form, usually 

 fertile, but I can detect no character sufficiently rehable to separate 

 it from the type. 



On shady rocks. 7. Falls near Barmouth Junction, Merio- 

 nethshire, growing with Juhida Hutchinsice. 



Var. rivularis, Nees. A large coarse form, of a somewhat 

 thick, greasy texture. 8, 10, 12, 16. 



Dimensions. — Stems from an inch to several inches long, 

 •2 mm. to "4 mm. in diameter, with leaves 3' mm. to 5* mm. wide; 

 leaves 1*75 mm. x 1'5 mm., 2*5 mm. x 2' mm., cells '025 mm. x 

 •04 mm., '025 mm. x '035 mm., "03 mm. x '03 mm. ; stipules 

 •4 mm. X "175 mm. wide at the base, segments "2 mm., '3 mm., 

 •275 mm. x "125 mm. at the base, segments ^225 mm. ; bract, 

 explanate 1*5 mm. x 175 mm. ; calyptra 3" mm. x 1-5 mm. near 

 apex ; pistillidia ^16 mm. x "06 mm. ; capsule 1*4 mm. x 1*1 mm. ; 

 pedicel "5 mm. diam. ; spores '02 mm. diam. ; elaters '175 mm. x 

 •015 mm. 



Hab. — Growing in loose or straggling patches in moist and 

 very wet places, on rocks, stones or earth, rarely on rotting wood, 

 often floating in water, where it attains unusual length, stems 

 sometimes 6 to 7 inches long being met with. 



Common. 1, 3, 5, 7-16, 18c. I. 



Found generally on the Continent and North America. 



Obs. — Distinguished from any of the entire leaved JungermanicB 

 by its postical, cladocarpous inflorescence, its large, fleshy, exserted 

 calyptra, the perianth being reduced to a trifid bract; when 



