JUNGERMANIA. 289 



erect species few or almost wanting. Leaves succubous, rarely 

 subtransverse, patent, assurgent or laterally accumbent, mode- 

 rately broad, in several species entire, in others bilobed, in a few 

 3-5 lobate or dentate ; margin plane or incurved, never recurved, 

 almost always quite entire, rarely denticulate ; cells medium size, 

 rarely small. Stipules usually absent, where present more or less 

 small, entire or bifid, rarely subquadrifid. Inflorescence dioicous 

 or paroicous; female flowers terminal, fertile rarely innovant, 

 sterile frequently present on subfloral innovations. Bracts $, 

 rarely more than 2-pairs, somewhat similar to the leaves or more 

 incised, free from the perianth, sometimes connate with themselves. 

 Pistillidia numerous (8-70). Perianth usually emersed, slightly 

 compressed laterally, rarely all ecarinate, almost always (at least 

 above) 3-10-carinate, smooth, rarely rough, never winged; mouth 

 usually small, quite entire or denticulate, rarel}^ ciliate, sometimes 

 tubular, sometimes at first closed, afterwards rupturing into lobes, 

 very rarely bursting on one side. Calyptra pja'iform or oval, 

 delicate, or only towards the base slightly carnose, where are the 

 free sterile pistillidia. Capsule highly (rarely shortly) exserted, 

 globose or oblong, rarely cylindrical, 2-5 layers of cells, 4-valved, 

 valves rarely bifid. Elaters bispiral. Spores minute, smooth or 

 scaberulous. 



Subgenus I. APLOZIA, Dim. 



Jungermcmia, sect. Ajilozia, Dum. Syll. Jung. Eur. p. 47 (1831). 

 Aplozia, Dum. Hep. Eur. p. 55 (1S74); Schiftner, Engl, and Prantl. Pfl. Fam. 

 p. 82 (1893). 



Dioicous, paroicous or monoicous, caespitose, small to medium 

 in size, green, brown or reddish-brown in colour. Stems creeping 

 or erect, determinate, simple or slightly branched, often with one 

 or two innovations proceeding from below the perianth ; usually 

 radiculose. Leaves succubous, orbicular or ovate, entire or rarely 

 retuse. Stipules absent (except in J. nuf/rnnialis). Bracts simihir 

 to leaves (except in /. anf/zmnnli-s). Perianth terminal, 3-5, very 

 rarely 6 and 7 keeled. 



