After the fruit has fallen or been picked the larvae emerge from 

 the apple and if on the ground each generally buries itself an inch 

 or so in the soil and there changes to the pupa stage. When in 

 storage, the larvae come out onto the bottom of the bin or barrel 

 and pass the pupa stage there, though occasionally they may pass 

 this stage in the apple. The pupa does not differ much from the 

 larva except that it is pale yellowish brown in color, and is some- 

 what shorter, assuming a more oval form. In the pupa stage the 

 winter and following spring are passed and about the first of July 

 the adult flies begin to appear, having undergone the transformation 

 from the larva to the adult in the pupa. The female fly begins to 

 lay her 300 to 400 eggs and when this is done her life work is com- 

 pleted and she dies, thus completing the life history or cycle of this 

 insect. 



TREATMENT. 



The Apple-Maggot is a difficult insect to destroy. During its 

 whole life cycle it is well protected : the eggs are laid under the skin 

 of the apple ; the larva stage is spent in the inside of the fruit and 

 the pupa stage is passed in the ground. The protection thus 

 afforded renders them free from the attacks of parasites and puts 

 them beyond the reach of poisons applied by spraying. 



The only method of combatting the pest is by killing the larvae 

 and pupae. The remedy which is recommended by nearly all ento- 

 mologists who have written on the subject, is to pick up the wind- 

 falls every day or so and either bury them deep or else feed them to 

 stock. This is based on the fact that the maggots do not leave the 

 fruit until it has either fallen or been picked. These maggots if not 

 destroyed at this time enter the ground and appear the next year 

 three hundred fold stronger. Every orchardist should gather the 

 windfalls as a matter of economy as it not only checks this insect 

 but other insects and fungi which live upon the fallen fruit. If 

 neither of these methods is practicable, it is advisable to turn sheep, 

 swine or fowls into the orchard in sufficient numbers to consume all 

 the windfalls. All refuse from barrels, bins and other places where 

 fruit has been kept, has been found to contain pupae in abundance 

 in the spring ; therefore, it should be destroyed by burning or 

 burying. 



