energy cannot be utilized by the animal for the purposes of maintain- 

 ing its body in a state of temperature equilibrium, or for aiding in the 

 production of growth and milk. The several losses may be enumerated 

 as follows: (a) the undigested material, i. e., the faeces; (6) the in- 

 completely used material (urea, etc.) of the urine; (c) the work re- 

 quired in the processes of digestion and assimilation in preparing the 

 nutrients so that they can be used for maintenance and for the pro- 

 duction of growth and milk. These several sources of loss expressed 

 as energy, deducted from the total energy, leave the real or net energy 

 value. 



Here follows a table showing the relative net energy values (relative 

 values) of a few of the more important feeding stuffs. Instead of ex- 

 pressing the relative energy values in therms of energy, they are stated 

 on the basis of 100 for the sake of direct comparison. The figures 

 were secured by the use of the so-called Kellner method.' They are 

 not perfect, but represent the results of the best method that we have 

 available at this time. Corn meal is taken as 100 and the other feeds, 

 both concentrated and coarse, arc compared with it : 



Relative Values of Feeding Stuffs. 



Corn meal, 



Apple pomace, 



Beet pulp (dried), - 



Brewers' dried grains. 



Brewers' wet grains, 



Buckwheat middlings, 



Corn bran. 



Corn silage. 



Corn stover, from field, 



Corn stover, very dry, 



Cottonseed meal, 



Distillers' dried grains, largely 



from corn. 

 Gluten feed. 

 Gluten meal, . 

 Hay, alfalfa or clover,'* 

 Hay, barnyard millet. 

 Hay, English (mixed grasses), 



fine early cut. 



It should be borne in mind 

 energy and not protein value. 



' For a full explanation of the components of the animal body, the composition of feeds, the 

 different ways in which the food is used in the animal body, and the explanation for using the 

 therm in the calculation of rations for farm animals, see Farmers' Bulletin 346, United States De- 

 partment of Agriculture, prepared by H. P. Armsby. 



^ Our own experiments, comparing beet pulp with corn meal, as components of a dairy ration, 

 have shown their feeding values to be more nearly equal. 



3 Alfalfa probably preferable, especially as source of protein. 



43 



that the above figures express only net 

 If protein is needed to balance the ra- 



