1858. 



NEW ENGLAND FARMER. 



373 



had passed up, their surfaces would become dry 

 by the action of the sun and wind, and when the 

 returning sap, now converted into proper food, 

 comes along, it soon encircles the wound with a 

 bright, green, healthy bark, which soon covers 

 it entirely over, and the tree is safe. Spring 

 pruning has wrought more mischief among our 

 orchards, than all other calamities combined. 



The execution of the work sustains the high 

 reputation which this old publishing house has 

 acquired. The illustrations are good, the type 

 large and clear, and the book is concluded by 

 catalogues of American and foreign pears, and a 

 good index. • 



We know Mr. Field as an enthusiast on the 

 subject of pears, and feel free to say — a few er- 

 rors excepted, perhaps — that we think he has 

 done the public an essential service in publish- 

 ing his book. 



For tlie New England Farmer. 



SALES OF BLOOD STOCK. 



Public sale of Short Horns, Brood Mares, Colts 

 and Swine, by B. & C. S. Haines, Elizabeth, 

 New Jersey. 



SHORT HORNS. 



Lot 1. Columbus, D B. Kershow, Philadelphia $195 



" 2. Lafayette, William Hurst, Albany 205 



" 3 SanhicaD, H. C. Greenwall, Pennsylvania 185 



" 4. Mohean, E. D. Pearce, Providence 150 



" 5. Essex Hero, Robert Campbell, N. J 205 



" 6. Gen. Havelock, D. B. Kershow, Philadelphia 200 



\\ g- I Not sold. 



COWS. 



Lot 9. Lady Cartaret, Robert Campbell, N. J $140 



" 10. Gertrude, William Kelly, Rhiubeck 215 



" 11. Creampot 6th, " " " 125 



" 12. Jenny Lind, E. Halsted, N. J 110 



" 13. Duchess Rose, " " 110 



" 14. Jessie Brown, George W. Adams, N. J 60 



«' 15. Ro;-e, E. I. Halsted, N. J 75 



" 16. Sophie, A. B. Conger, N. Y 30 



" 17. Nymph 5th, Timothy Mather, Hartford 250 



" 18. Gipsey 3d, Dan. Talmage, N. Y 120 



" 19. Nymph 8th, R. Hursby, Brooklyn 100 



" 20. Nymph 9th, D. B. Kershow, Philadelphia 200 



'- 21. Nvmph, William Hurst, Albany 165 



" 22. Troe, imported, A. B. Conner, N. Y 325 



" 23. Sunshine, Henry Meeker, N. J 230 



«'• 24. Nymph 7th, D. B. Kershow, Philadelphia 700 



BROOD MARES AND COLTS. 



No. 1. Black Hawk Maid, William Hurst $225 



" 2. Fanny Kemble 210 



" 3 White Stocking, William Kelly 110 



" 4. Lady Franklin, G. W. Adams 170 



" 5. Pet, E. J. Cowley, N.J 100 



" 6. Aurora, C. P. Wood, N. Y 260 



SUFFOLK PIGS. 

 25 pairs brought from $10 to $15 per pair. 



BERKSHIRE. 

 6 pairs brought from $10 to $18 per pair. 



Pig Breeding. — An experienced English pig 

 breeder says : "In breeding, the sow should be 

 larger than the male, and the male the most per- 

 fect of the two, as the sows will generally breed 

 to the boar ; that is, the good or bad points of 

 the male will preponderate more in the young 

 ones than those of the sow. And I have found 

 that the boar the sow may have had pigs to, the 

 litter before, has a great deal to do with the f'd- 

 lowing litter. I once put a black sow to a white 



boar, and had some black and white pigs ; I then 

 put her to a black boar, and still had some black 

 and white ; and I had to wait for three litters be- 

 fore getting rid of the white. I once purchased 

 a large-bred Yorkshire boar, and more than nine- 

 ty per cent, of his stock died from inflammation 

 of the lungs, or were more or less affected. I af- 

 terwards learned that the sire of the boar died 

 from the same complaint. All this convinced me 

 how particular one should be in using a pure and 

 sound male animal." — Genesee Farmer. 



For the New England Farmer. 

 LEGITIMATE COOKERY, AGAIiSr. 



In a late article on Reformed or Legitimate 

 Cookery, I have, on one point, said either too 

 much or too little ; because I have breached a 

 topic which, to not a few housekeepers, will be 

 rather new ; and yet I have not made a full, prac- 

 tical application of the rule it was intended to 

 inculcate. I refer here to what I said, inciden- 

 tally, concerning milk and the egg. 



These articles, as I stated, contain more 9r less 

 of albumen ; the egg a very large proportion. 

 This substance, (albumen) when subjected to a 

 heat equal to 165*^ Fahrenheit, and all the proc- 

 esses of ordinary cookery, such as baking, boil- 

 ing, frying, &c., involve this dc-gree of heat, and 

 much more, becomes insoluble by anything which 

 is ordinarily found in the human stomach. It 

 can only be dissolved by the mineral acids, the 

 nitric, the sulphuric and the muriatic. Hence 

 it is, to say the least, entirely unnutritious ; and 

 consequently, wasted. But it is more than was- 

 ted ; it is positively undigested ; and hence is 

 positively Injurious. On this account it is that 

 hard boiled eggs, for diseased and debilitated 

 stomachs, have been, time immemorial, regarded 

 as unwholesome. They are. In this state, as ev- 

 ery one may observe, also inodorous and insipid. 



But there is no necessity of cooking them at 

 a temperature above 165°. By cooking the egg or 

 any other albuminous article at the temperature of 

 about 160°, and continuing the application of the 

 heat a little longer than usual, you may gain ev- 

 ery point of importance which you would gain by 

 a temperature of 212°, and without any positive 

 loss. The taste is even, to most persons, greatly 

 improved. The albumen is indeed coagulated ; 

 but is not so hard or consolidated. Nor is there 

 any mystery in this matter, or very much of tact 

 or skill required. To cook the egg, legitimately, 

 you have but to take care that the heat does not 

 rise above 165". You may, indeed, be required 

 to use a cheap thermometer for a short time, 

 but a very little observation and experience will 

 enable you soon to jvidge correctly enough with- 

 out the thermometer. Even if the temperature 

 falls to 150°, it will do very well, except that the 

 lower the heat, the longer time will be required 

 to accomplish your object. 



What, however, was my principal aim, when I 

 began these remarks, was to extend the applica- 

 tion of the principle. If the egg is injured, both 

 wasted and rendered irritating, by being cooked 

 alone, it is so when it enters into the composition 

 of all our complicated dishes. It is true we have 

 not yet attained, like the French, to nearly seven 

 hundred of them; but we have a very great num- 



