TRACKING WILDLIFE BY SATELLITE 



45 



A. 



2i Brown Bear 



Beaufort 



Alaska 



B. 



Beaufort 



seo 



Alaska 



Fig. 41. Movements of a Porcupine herd caribou during June 

 1987 from its wintering area in Yukon Territory to its calving 

 site in northern Alaska. A. All data are plotted. B. Only the best 

 location estimates within each 1-h "window" are plotted. 

 C. Only the best location estimates from each 24-h "window" 

 are plotted. 



brown bear on the arctic slope in Alaska during July were 

 highly autocorrelated when all data were considered (Fig. 

 42A). These data only met the independence criterion 



20 



30 



40 50 60 



2 



& 1.5 



J 



CD 1 



O 

 -C 0.5 



O 

 CO 



Moose 



10 20 30 



2i Mule Deer 



40 50 



60 



1.5 



0.51 



10 20 30 40 50 

 Hours between Successive Locations 



60 



Fig. 42. Relation between Schoener's ratio (solid line) and its 

 critical value (dashed line) and the time interval between 

 successive locations. Statistical independence is achieved 

 when the ratio exceeds its critical value (Swihart and Slade 

 1985b). A. Brown bear on the arctic coast, July 1987. B. 

 Moose in south-central Alaska, January 1988 (data courtesy of 

 R. Modaferri, Alaska Department of Fish and Game). C. Mule 

 deer in southeastern Idaho, October 1987 (data courtesy of 

 C. Brown, Idaho Department of Fish and Game). 



when locations taken at approximately two-day intervals 

 were considered. If the data set were to be considered 

 in this way, total sample size during the month would 

 be reduced from 61 locations to 10. Similar analysis of 

 the movements of a moose in Alaska during January 



