SANITATION AND HYGIENE ON 

 TROPICAL ESTATES. 



NOTES ON TROPICAL HYGIENE AND PLANTATION 

 WORK AND THE ANTI-MALARIAL CAMPAIGN IN 

 THE FEDERATED MALAY STATES. 



By C. L. SANSOM, F.R. C.S.Ed., M.R.C.S.Eng., D.P.H. 



Dublin. 

 Principal Medical Officer, F.M.S. 



AND 



F. D. EVANS, A.M.Inst.C.E. 

 Executive Engineer, Malaria Advisory Board, F.M.S. 



THE subject of the problems of tropical hygiene and 

 preventive medicine which arise in plantation work is a 

 large one; to deal with it comprehensively in a short 

 contribution would be impossible, and all that is attempted 

 now is a brief reference to a few of the most interesting 

 and important facts, to experiences which may be of value, 

 and to some general conclusions which have been arrived 

 at in the Federated Malay States. In this country, as in 

 many others, those who control plantations are realizing 

 that good health is absolutely necessary, and that a robust 

 labour force is the great factor in the management of an 

 estate economically. We depend on immigrant labour, 

 which for agricultural purposes is mainly recruited from 

 Southern India. Estates have their reputation to maintain 

 in India, and those places where much sickness prevails 

 find it difficult and expensive to obtain labourers; hence 

 even the engagement of workers is hampered by bad 

 health. Estates with a good reputation not only recruit 

 labour at less expense, but are able to secure more 

 vigorous individuals who, of course, require less medical 

 attention, do more work on each day, and work more 

 days in each month; whereas the unhealthy estate pays 



