626 MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS 



while the peculiar inverted candelabrum-shaped root 

 system is developed to fix the shrub or tree firmly in the 

 soft mud and to protect it from being uprooted by storms 

 and waves. Further, many species develop aerial roots 

 from their branches or send up "knees" and other ex- 

 crescences from their root systems in order to obtain air. 



The most important species belonging- to this order, 

 from the tanners' point of view, are : 



(i) Rhizophora mucronata, Lam., found in the tidal 

 forests at the mouth of the Indus, on the West and East 

 Coast of India, in the Sunderbans, on the Arakan, 

 Bassein and South Tenasserim Coasts of Burma, and in 

 the Andamans. It is also found in Portuguese East 

 Africa, the Philippine Islands, on the Malay Coast, and 

 in Australia. 



(/'/) Rhizophora conjugata, Linn., a small tree generally 

 associated with the above species. 



(iii) Ceriops Candolleana, Arn., is a small evergreen 

 tree found plentifully in the Sunderbans, in Bengal, on 

 the Bassein and Tenasserim Coasts, in Ceylon, and in 

 most tropical coastal forests of Asia, Africa, and Aus- 

 tralia. Like Rhizophora mucronata, it has a very wide 

 distribution. 



(iv) Ceriops Roxburghiana, Arn., is a large shrub or 

 small dwarf tree found in the Sunderbans, on the Tenas- 

 serim Coast, the East Coast of Ceylon, the Andamans, 

 the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. 



(v) Kandelia Rheedii, W. and A., an evergreen shrub 

 or small tree found on both the East and West Coasts of 

 the Indian Peninsula, in the Sunderbans, Andamans, and 

 Burma. 



(vi) Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Lam., a large tree found 

 in the tidal forests of the Western Peninsula, in the 

 Sunderbans, Burma, the Andamans, Ceylon, and in 

 Tropical Africa and Australia. 



3. AREA COVERED BY MANGROVE FORESTS, YIELD AND 

 COST OF EXTRACTION OF THE BARK. 



It will be seen from what has been said above that the 

 most important species of mangrove have a very wide 



