IX 



' Clavulaires des Posidonies ' arc oviparous. Si/mjiotliiun (.l/<->/<>ni>tiii) ,///,,;,/,.> 

 is, according to these authors, viviparous. K<>rm and Danielsscn stute that tlnvc 

 species of Nephthya, found at depths of 269-761 fathoms, are viviparous. Tlic-c 

 are, I believe, the only authenticated cases of viviparity among Alcyonariana 

 hitherto recorded. Gorgonia capensis affords the first inst;m< r of viviparity that 

 I have come across in my studies of Alcyonarians." 



In Professor W. A. Herdman's collection from Ceylon we also found embryos 

 in situ in Gorgonia capensis, Hickson. Corroborating Marion and Kowalewsky, 

 we found embryos in Clavularia pregnans, Th. and H. , and Clavularia parvula, 

 Th. and H., collected by Mr. Cyril Grassland, B.Sc., from Zanzibar and Cape 

 Verde Islands respectively. 



In the present collection we have found embryos blastulae, gastrulse, and 

 slightly more advanced stages in the following species : 



8arcophytum aberrant, n. sp. (From 254 fathoms.) 



Chrysogorgia flexilis, Wright and Studer. (From 401, 457-589, 606, 

 and 669 fathoms.) 



Ceratoisis gracilis, n. sp. (From 270-45 fathoms.) 



Paramuricea indica, n. sp. (From 265 fathoms.) 



Distichoptilum gracile, Verrill. (From 836 fathoms.) 



Umbellula elongata, n. sp. (From 360 fathoms.) 



Funiculina gracilis, n. sp. (From 406 fathoms.) 



Pennatula indica, n. sp. (From 463, 487, and 824 fathoms.) 

 Meanwhile Mr. James J. Simpson, M.A., has also found embryos in specimens of 

 Isis hippuris, included in the littoral collection. (See Journ. Linn. 8oc. (Zool.) 

 1906.) 



It is therefore clear that viviparity is by no means uncommon in Alcyon- 

 arians, and it will be interesting to discover if it is particularly characteristic of 

 deep-sea forms. (See Thomson and Henderson, Zool. Anzeiger, 1906.) \V> 

 hope, when time permits, to study the embryos more carefully. 



Geographical Distribution. 



There are 25 species in the collection which have been previously 

 described, and we give a list of the localities where these have been found, 

 reserving further discussion for the second memoir on the littoral forms. It may 

 be noted that of the 25 



3 were included in the " Challenger " collection. 

 6 Siboga 



4 ,, ,, Herdman's Ceylon ,, 

 3 ,, ,, Gardiner's Maldives 

 3 Willey's New Britain .. 

 1 Crossland's Zanzibar 



