68 POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENTS 



the administrator of a specialized business, and should 

 be taught how such a business is susceptible of study 

 and exact management. His education should, there- 

 fore, be based upon economics, upon law and social 

 history ; he should be shown the way into the con- 

 sideration of markets and co-operation. If there is one 

 technical subject he should be made familiar with it is 

 that of book-keeping, because of the power it gives a 

 director to review the progress of a business and to 

 obtain exact data as the basis for action. It is easy to 

 sneer at book-keeping as a pettifogging matter of 

 shillings and pence unworthy of a University, but it is 

 the intellectual basis of affairs, as fundamental as the 

 principle of conservation of energy in science, and no 

 sound judgment in business can be formed without it. 

 " Things are what they are, and consequences will be 

 what they will be ; why, then, should we deceive our- 

 selves?" It is not pretended that the young land- 

 owner can be turned out of the University equipped for 

 the business of controlling or developing a great estate ; 

 real education begins after the University ; but he can 

 be given the broad principles of action ; he can be made 

 acquainted with the sources of information and awak- 

 ened to the possibility of applying exact methods to 

 practical life. Let no one pretend that it would be a 

 derogation on the part of a University to concern itself 

 with education of this type. Those who are acquainted 

 with the travesty of intellectual effort that is repre- 

 sented by the pass schools of either University, or even 

 by the lower classes of the Honour schools, can but 

 view with equanimity their replacement by any form 

 of instruction that will, on the one hand, be likely to 

 kindle some mental response on the part of the 



