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AMERICAN FORESTRY ASSOCIATION. 



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field fifteen years ago I cannot state ac- 

 curately, but it could not have been very 

 different from that at present, and now the 

 Yellow Pines that might have seeded the 

 field are fully as numerous as the Black. 

 The greater vitality of the Black Pine 

 seed and seedlings is strongly evinced 

 here, as it is along roadsides and in pas- 

 tures all over the country. 



Field No. 2 is near the foot of the hills 

 but still on the yellow clay soil. It is a 

 rounding knoll of about two acres and was 

 a part of one of the oldest fields in the 

 region, having been abandoned about 

 forty years. Here again there has been a 

 complete stand of Pine, though they have 

 been cut for house logs till in places the 

 cover is a good deal broken. The stand 

 is about one to every eight feet square on 

 the average, which admits too much light. 

 An average specimen of Pinus virguiiana 

 was cut and found to be 9^ inches in di- 

 ameter at two feet and sixty and one-half 

 feet high, showing thirty-eight rings in the 

 stump. Six inches of the diameter growth 

 had been made in the first ten years. The 

 trunks of these and others were slightly 

 ci'ooked and was cleared of limbs more 

 than six feet, the recently dead branches 

 remaining to form ugly knots for thirty 

 feet above. Trees of a foot or over in 

 diameter had been cut here. 



A small mixture of Yellow Pine in the 

 grove gives opportunity for comparison. 

 While there are not more than one per 

 cent, of them the owner assures me that 

 there has been a much larger proportion 

 but they have died and fallen down. 

 Those remaining show evidence that in 

 many cases the Black Pines are overtop- 

 ping them, and the fact that in all cases 

 they have cleared themselves of branches 

 perfectly to more than half their height 

 shows that they will not endure shade as 

 well as the Black Pine. The leader on 

 Yellow Pine in early Spring is stouter, 

 the branches are also stouter and stiffer, so 

 that the tender growth is not bent about as 

 much by the winds. This fact gives rise 

 to much clearer and straighter bodies in 

 the young timber. The difference is much 

 that between Scotch and Austrian Pines 

 when grown together. 



A sample specimen of Yellow Pine cut 

 was 8^2 inches in diameter, 59^ feet high 

 and showed 37 rings of growth at two 

 feet. The growth was more evenly dis- 

 tributed throughout the period and a com- 

 parison between old trees would lead me 

 to think that this will continue to make a 

 steady gain for a longer time than the 

 Black Pine and remain a sounder tree. 



Field No. 3 lies up the hollow directly 

 above No. 2 and has about the same 

 history, save that when abandoned for 

 cultivation it was pastured. Instead of a 

 full stand of trees they are in groups and 

 patches or singly on the lower ground and 

 are heavier bodied, short and broad-topped 

 except in the center of a considerable 

 group. In such conditions, even, it is to 

 be noticed that the Yellow Pine has formed 

 a clean trunk for a considerable distance, 

 and young trees seem often to do this 

 under their own cover only. 



Higher up on the sides of this hollow, 

 where the cattle did not care to range, the 

 stand of Pine is full, both species about 

 equally represented. Many trees are ten 

 to twelve inches in diameter and fairly on 

 the way to make good saw-logs. Here 

 again the Yellow Pine is much the best 

 cleared of branches and presents straighter 

 and cleaner trunks. 



Field No. 4 is about 20 miles southwest 

 of Berea, near the little station of Gun 

 Sulphur. The location is a rather thin 

 clay and gravel soil on the top of the bluff 

 above the limestone. The millstone grit 

 in this section is pretty well thinned out. 

 This field was cleared 20 years ago and 

 put in corn for two years, then abandoned. 

 The growth is wholly Black Pine and per- 

 fectly dense, so that one can scarcely find 

 his way through. The average height is 

 about 20 feet and the diameter 3 inches. 



Similar examples of reproduction of 

 Pines could be multiplied indefinitely but 

 these are good types. The Yellow Pine 

 possesses much more value as a timber 

 tree, and follows the more sandy ridges. 

 The Black Pine, known to most of you as 

 the Jersey or Scrub Pine, reaches a size to 

 make profitable saw logs in this region, a 

 character which I think it does not possess 

 elsewhere. Its range is the wet fiat-lands 



