126 



THE FORESTER. 



June, 



GRAY PINE {Pimis Banksiana}. Bay 

 of Chaleur, New Brunswick to the south- 

 ern slopes of Hudson Bay, northwest to 

 the Great Bear Lake, the valley of the 

 Mackenzie River, and the eastern slope of 

 the Rocky Mountains between the fifty- 

 second and sixty-fifth degrees of north 

 latitude ; south to northern Maine, Ferris- 

 burg, Vermont (R. E. Robinson) and the 

 southern shore of Lake Michigan, and 

 central Minnesota. 



Reduced to pulp with somewhat more 

 difficulty than Spruce ; the fibers are long 

 as in Spruce. 



WHITE PINE, Weymouth Pine (Pinus 

 Strobus*). Newfoundland, northern shores 

 of the Gulf of St. Lawrence to Lake 

 Nipigon and the valley of the Winnipeg 

 River, south through the Northern States 

 to Pennsylvania, the southern shores of 

 Lake Michigan, "Starving Rock" near 

 La Salle, Illinois, near Davenport, Iowa 

 (Parry) and along the Allegheny Moun- 

 tains to northern Georgia. 



Requires more severe treatment than 

 Spruce, but yields a very long, strong fiber. 



WHITE FIR {Abies grandis). Van- 

 couver Island, south to Mendicino County, 

 California, near the coast, interior valleys 

 of western Washington and Oregon, south 

 to the Umpqua River, Cascade Mountains 

 below 4,000 feet elevation, through the 

 Blue Mountains of Oregon (Curick) to the 

 eastern slope of the Coeur d'Alene Moun- 

 tains (Cooper), the Bitter Root Mountains, 

 Idaho (Watson) and the western slope of 

 the Rocky Mountains of northern Montana 

 (Flathead region, Canby and Sargent). 



Requires somewhat inoi'e severe treat- 

 ment than Spruce, but yields a very long, 

 strong fiber. 



BALSAM {Abies Fret seri). High moun- 

 tains of North Carolina and Tennessee. 



Occasionally reduced by the sulphite 

 process; unbleached fiber carries consid- 

 erable pitchy material, which is likely 

 to cause trouble in the mill, and which 

 interferes with bleaching. General char- 

 acter of fiber similar to that of Spruce. 



HEMLOCK ( Tsuga Canadensis}. Nova 

 Scotia, southern New Brunswick, valley 

 of the St. Lawrence River to the shores 

 of Lake Temiscaming, and southwest to 



the western borders of northern Wiscon- 

 sin ; south through the Northern States to 

 New Castle County, Delaware, southeast- 

 ern Michigan, central Wisconsin, and 

 along the Alleghany Mountains to Clear 

 Creek Falls, Winston Co., Alabama 

 (Mohr). 



General character of pulp similar to that 

 of Spruce, but wood is reduced with more 

 difficulty, and is likely to cause chips if 

 mixed with Spruce. 



LARCH, Tamarack, Hackmatack {Larix 

 Americana}. Northern Newfoundland 

 and Labrador to the eastern shores of 

 Hudson Bay; Cape Churchill, and north- 

 west to the northern shores of the Great 

 Bear Lake and the valley of the Macken- 

 zie River within the Arctic Circle ; south 

 through the Northern States to northern 

 Pennsylvania, northern Indiana and Illi- 

 nois, and central Minnesota. 



Reduced by sulphite process with some 

 difficulty, fiber somewhat sticky from 

 pitchy material, and requires a large 

 amount of bleach. The wood, if mixed 

 with Spruce, is likely to cause chips. 

 Length of fiber comparable to that of 

 Spruce. 



POPLAR {Popnlus grandidentata). 

 Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and west 

 through Ontario to northern Minnesota ; 

 south through the Northern States and 

 along the Alleghany Mountains to North 

 Carolina, extending west to middle Ken- 

 tucky and Tennessee. 



The wood most commonly used by 

 mills working the soda process; never 

 used by sulphite mills, though easily re- 

 duced by that process. Pulp from both 

 processes very easily bleached. Fiber 

 short and soft, associated in the pulp with 

 much wider pitted cells. 



ASPEN ( Populns tremuloides} . North- 

 ern Newfoundland and Labrador to the 

 southern shores of Hudson Bay, north- 

 west to the Great Bear Lake, the mouth 

 of the Mackenzie River, and the valley of 

 the Yukon River, Alaska; south in the 

 Atlantic region to the mountains of Penn- 

 sylvania, the valley of the lower Wabash 

 River, and northern Kentucky ; in the Pa- 

 cific region south to the valley of the Sac- 

 ramento River, California, and along the 



