1900. 



AMERICAN FORESTRY ASSOCIATION. 



they should be filled by planting. It will 

 not be possible to prepare the ground by 

 plowing, so the planting must be done 

 without preparation. In many cases it 

 will be most convenient to sew seeds broad- 

 cast and rake them in, or plant them in 

 hills. In other cases it will be best to 

 plant the young trees. It will sometimes be 

 possible to take up small seedlings from 

 places where they are not needed and set 

 them where they are needed. 



3. All the plantations that are to be 

 established should so far as possible be 

 located on the lowland and continuous 

 with the natural timber already present. 

 Along all the creeks there are small val- 

 leys and jutting points that should be 

 planted. Cultivation should be given un- 

 til the tops of the young trees shade the 

 ground so densely that weeds and grass 

 cannot grow. The thicker the trees are 

 planted the sooner cultivation may cease. 

 In this planting White Elm, Green Ash, 



Mulberry, Catalpa, Black Locust, Russian 

 Mulberry, Hackberry, Black Walnut and 

 Black Cherry may usually be relied upon 

 to be successful. 



4. Orchards should be planted upon the 

 lower slopes and in the valleys in the pro- 

 tection of the planting above mentioned, 

 rather than upon the higher ground where 

 it is frequently impossible to grow a wind- 

 break of sufficient height to give the or- 

 chard the protection it needs. 



The planting here suggested will not 

 always place the trees where they are most 

 desired but it will place them where they 

 will succeed and where they will give the 

 maximum return for the labor and money 

 expended upon them. Upland planting 

 is not to be wholly discouraged, but should 

 be carried on in a limited way with a few 

 of the most reliable species such as Black 

 Locust, Russian Mulberry, White Elm and 

 Soapberry. 



WM. L. HALL. 



TWO ARTICLES IN THE NEW YEARBOOK. 



The Yearbook of the U. S. Department 

 of Agriculture for 1899, which has just 

 appeared, contains two articles on forestry. 

 One, a history of the " Progress of For- 

 estry in the United States," is by Mr. 

 Gifford Pinchot, the Forester of the De- 

 partment. The other is by Mr. Henry S. 

 Graves, the Superintendent of Working 

 Plans of the Division of Forestry, and is 

 entitled "The Practice of Forestry by 

 Private Owners.''' 



The purpose of Mr. Graves in this lat- 

 ter article is to describe the extent to which 

 the practice of forestry has come into use 

 among private individuals in this country. 

 He has gone over a great deal of ground 

 that has hitherto been practically unex- 

 plored, and the value of what he says will 

 be appreciated by all who have noted the 

 frequency with which it is still declared, 

 or assumed, that in America conservative 

 management of woodlands is possible only 

 in cases where considerations of profit are 



not the most important. The author 

 points out that although it has been easy 

 to see that many large reserves and many 

 laws for the protection of timber have re- 

 sulted from the agitation which has been 

 going on in newspapers, magazines and 

 scientific associations during the last 

 twenty-five years, " the work of the 

 many small owners and the few large 

 owners who have managed their lands 

 conservatively has been overlooked." 

 Much that these private owners have done 

 has lacked system and been " imperfect in 

 methods and results," but it " shows the 

 intention of true forestry and marks a 

 great advance in the treatment of our for- 

 ests." That it should not be overlooked 

 any longer is of the first importance; and 

 Mr. Graves' article will be most encour- 

 aging to the hope that a general and prac- 

 tical interest in forestry may soon be es- 

 tablished among small as well as among 

 large land owners. 



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