I go: 



FORESTRY AND IRRIGATION. 



43 



planting them from neighboring wood- 

 lands. 



The question of economical meth- 

 od.s of planting is all-important. On 

 its solution depends the ])racticabil- 

 ity of general forest planting. It is 

 scarcely possible that forest planting 

 can prove profitable at a planting cost 

 of $25 or $30 per acre, but there is a 

 probability of profit with an initial cost 

 of $5 to $8 per acre. It is entirely pos- 

 sible to plant at the latter rates and piir- 

 chase nursery-grown trees. The onh- 

 way it can be approximated, even on 

 large areas, is by the planter growing 



his own trees, and this will be the 

 method generally followed where ex- 

 tensive planting is to be done. 



With few exceptions, the large plan- 

 tations now being established both in 

 the East and in the West are under 

 the immediate direction of the Bureau 

 of Forestry, which, after a study of in- 

 dividual locations, has prepared plans 

 for establishing the plantations and will 

 continue to cooperate with the owners 

 in their management. The a.ssi.stance 

 of the Bureau has been extended to all 

 applicants, regardle.ss of the size of the 

 plantation. 



PUMPING WATER/-= 



THE greater portion of water u.sed in 

 irrigation is diverted by gravity 

 from flowing streams. While this is true 

 as regards bulk of the water, yet as re- 

 gards value it may be 

 said that some of the 

 . most important sources 

 of supph' are utilized 

 throvigh pumping. In 

 ancient times, espe- 

 cially in Egypt and 

 India, where labor had 

 little value and the 

 conditions for divert- 

 ing water b}' gravit}' 

 were not favorable, 

 pumping by hand or 

 by animal power was 

 largely in vogue. 



In modern times the 

 devices for hand pump- 

 ing have been im- 

 proved upon, although 

 some of them are still 

 utilized in crude form 

 by pioneers in the arid 

 region ; but with ordi- 

 nary farm wells irriga- 

 tion is impracticable, other than the 

 watering of a few trees or plats of 

 vegetables ; but the beginnings of irri- 

 gation on many a farm in the sub- 

 humid region may be traced to succe.ss- 



* It is our intention to publish a series of 

 various kinds of engines, pumps, and windnii 

 both East and West. Editor. 



ful experiments with water raised in 

 this laborious manner. 



The next step above human labor in 

 pumping water has frequently been the 



T 



PUMPING WATHR BV HORSK-POWKR 



Utilization of horse-power. The accom- 

 panying figure .shows a simple device by 

 which a horse walking in a circle cau.ses 

 a series of buckets to be lifted from the 

 well, drawing up water sufficient for 



articles on pumping, giving illustrations of the 

 lis employed in different parts of the couiUrv, 



