84 



FORESTRY AND IRRIGATION. 



Februar}^ 



DUTCH WINDMII,I< AT LAWRENCE, KANSAS. 



mills, built either by individvals or b}^ 

 communities, were common. Some of 

 these mills were of enormous size. In 

 the German type the whole building on 

 which the mill was placed was con- 

 structed in such a manner as to turn on 

 a post in order to bring the sails into 

 the wind. In the Dutch form the build- 

 ing was fixed, but the head of the mill 

 could be turned into the wind. The 

 most notable use of these early mills 

 was in Holland, where the land was 

 drained by pumping water from behind 



the dikes into the sea. In 1391 the 

 Bishop of Utrecht, holding that the wind 

 of the whole province belonged exclu- 

 sively to him, gave to the convent at 

 Windsheim express permission to build 

 a windmill wherever it was thought 

 proper. In so doing he overruled a 

 neighboring lord, who declared that the 

 wind in the district belonged to him. 

 Three years later the city of Haarlem 

 obtained leave from Albert, Count Pala- 

 tine of the Rhine, to build a windmill^ 

 using the wind of the country. 



