146 



FORESTRY AND IRRIGATION. 



April,. 



and serving the present need. The 

 Century Dictionary defines the word as 

 ' one who plants or prunes trees,' and 

 Worcester as ' a planter or pruner of 

 trees ; ' it is therefore expressive of the 

 worker and his work. 



"A properly qualified forester is of 

 course fitted for any position of the kind 

 in question, and so is a landscape gar- 

 dener. The plea is made for a title that 

 will not be misleading, as that of for- 

 ester in such connection is." 



J- 



Effect of De- During the period from 

 forestation. April i to December 31 , 

 1901, observations of 

 discharge and of sediment were carried 

 on at Salt River reservoir site on both 

 Tonto Creek and Salt River for the pur- 

 pose of comparing the relative amounts 

 of sediment contributed by the two 

 streams. The observations on Salt River 

 were taken below the mouth of Tonto 

 Creek. The result of these observations 

 shows that Salt River, below the mouth 

 of Tonto Creek, carried .00146 of 1 per 

 cent of sediment ; while Tonto Creek, 

 about one-half mile above its mouth, 

 carried .00275 of i per cent showing 

 that the waters of Tonto Creek are more 

 than twice as muddy, on an average, as 

 those of Salt River. This is an illustra- 

 tion of the influence of denudation upon 

 the discharge of sediment. The two 

 basins are contiguous, of course the 

 chief difference being that Tonto basin is 

 heavily grazed and almost bare of timber, 

 grass, or other vegetation, while Salt 

 River basin is mainly timbered and 

 well carpeted with grass, it lying largely 

 within the Apache Indian Reservation, 

 where the sheep and cattle of white men 

 are not allowed. 



^ 



Forest Fires. 



On Sunday, March 25, 

 a forest fire near East- 

 port, Ivong Island, destroyed several 

 hundred acres of timber and required 

 the efforts of a large force of men to 

 prevent its spreading. Ten days later 

 another fire broke out in the same 

 vicinity, destroying a lot of cord wood, 

 but was finally extinguished by heavy 

 rains. 



From Pennsylvania there have been 

 several serious forest fires reported 

 during the last ten days. In the vicinity 

 of Scranton, Altoona, Oil City, and 

 Blairsville, considerable damage has 

 been wrought by these fires. In Mary- 

 land there were also several forest fires 

 during the past week. Near Mount 

 Winans, in the vicinity of Baltimore, 

 on April 2, there was a fire that de- 

 stroyed valuable timber, several barns, 

 and for a time threatened a number of 

 dwellings. A large amount of timber 

 was destroyed near Cumberland during 

 the last week in March by a fire said to 

 have been started by the carelessness of 

 hunters. 



During the first week in April fires- 

 broke out in the cedar brakes near 

 Marble Falls, Texas, destroying a lot of 

 valuable timber. The pine forests near 

 Plantersville, in the same state, have 

 been seriously injured by recent fires. 

 In the vicinity of Sauk Center, Minn., 

 there were disastrous forest fires during 

 March. 



Pliilippine Mr. Asa Williams sends- 



Lumbering, the following infor- 

 mation concerning the 

 method of exploiting timber in the 

 Philippines : The following facts are 

 gleaned from letters from Mr, R. C^ 

 Bryant and Wm. Klemme, both in the 

 forest service in the Philippines: 



' ' The Forestry Bureau issues licenses 

 to cut timber on state lands, and pay- 

 ment to the government is made as fol- 

 lows: The timber trees of the Archi- 

 pelago, six hundred and sixty-five in 

 number, are divided into six commercial 

 classes; each has a separate tariff at so 

 much per cubic foot : 



Superior group 14 cents per cubic foot. 



First group 10 cents per cubic foot. 



Second group 8 cents per cubic foot. 



Third group 3 cents per cubic foot. 



Fourth group 2 cents per cubic foot. 



Fifth group i cent per cubic foot. 



' ' Prices are the same in the entire ar- 

 chipelago. Groups three, four, and five 

 only may be used for fuel. Needy resi- 

 dents may cut fuel free. The manner 

 of exploitation is most primitive. A 

 company, having received a license to 



