1902. 



FORESTRY AND IRRIGATION. 



305 



697) stated that it differed from osyri- 

 trin by yielding galactose on hydrolysis, 

 but subsequently found the sugar to be 

 dextrose. The results obtained by the 

 author confirm this and show that myr- 

 ticolorin and osyritrin are identical. 



A Rational Method for the Utilization 

 of the Waste Liquors Obtained in the 

 Manufacture of Sulphite Pulp. Th. 

 Knoesel ( Chem. Ztg., 26, 229). The 

 liquors are concentrated to 25 Beaume 

 in a reverberatory furnace and mixed 

 with an equal volume of Thomas slag, 

 whereby a solid, brownish-yellow mass, 

 having a pleasant vanillin-like odor and 

 only sparingly soluble in water, is ob- 

 tained. The phosphoric acid of the 

 Thomas slag is completely converted 

 into the citrate soluble form. The pro- 

 cess is protected by German patent 

 128,213. 



The Ethereal Oil of Sweet Orange 

 Flowers (Neroli - Portugal Oil). E. 

 Theulier (Bull. Soc. Chim. Paris, (3), 

 27, 278). The crude oil obtained by 

 direct distillation of the flowers is dark 

 yellow and has an odor resembling in 

 no respect ordinary neroli oil : D''' = 

 0.860, (a) I) = + 29.30. The oil con- 

 tained 6.33 per cent of esters (calcu- 

 lated as linaljd acetate), contained no 

 anthratiilic acid methyl-ester, and ^ueld- 

 ed a deposit of parafhn (melting point 

 55 C. ) when cooled. The presence 

 of a considerable quantity of high-boil- 

 ing terpenes and of d-camphene, d-limo- 

 nene, and d-linalool was demonstrated. 



The Sugar of the Mahwa Flowers. 

 E. O. von Lippmann (Ber. deutsch. 

 chem. Ges., 35, 1448). The Mahwa 

 tree is found throughout India and the 

 East Indies. The wood is very hard 

 and is used in various ways, the fruit 

 serves as food, the fruit kernels yield a 

 fat, and the fresh flowers serve as a 

 source of an unpleasant-tasting fer- 

 mented liquor. Several hundred kilo- 

 grams of fleshy flower petals are ob- 

 tained from a single tree, which yield 

 as much as 60 liters of alcohol by fer- 

 mentation. The fresh petals were 

 found to contain invert sugar. Cane 

 sugar was absent, but it is possible that 

 it may have been originally present, be- 

 ing converted into invert sugar after the 

 petals had fallen. 



A New Color Reaction for Woodfiber 

 in Paper. A. Kaiser (Chem. Ztg., 26, 

 335)- When amyl alcohol, free from 

 furfural, and concentrated sulphuric 

 acid are heated on a water bath to 90 

 C. and cooled, the resulting amyl-sul- 

 phonic acid has the property of coloring 

 woodfiber red, violet, or intensely indigo 

 blue, depending on the quantitj' present 

 in the paper. The color reaction is hast- 

 ened by passing a current of air over 

 the same or by applying a gentle heat. 



The Resin of Dammara orientalis 

 (Manila Copal). Tschirch and Koch 

 (Arch. d. Pharm., 240, 202). Accord- 

 ing to Wiesner, this copal is obtained 

 from the conifer Dammara orienlalis. 

 It forms soft, reddish-yellow pieces solu- 

 ble in alcohol, ether, and an 80 per cent 

 chloral hydrate solution, partially solu- 

 ble in acetic ether, chloroform, benzol, 

 and methyl alcohol, only slightlv soluble 

 in carbon tetrachloride and petroleum 

 ether. The melting point is 115 C, 

 saponification number about 190, iodine 

 number 55. The chemical examination 

 yielded the following constituents : I. 

 Free acids (about 80 per cent), consist- 

 ing of (rt ) mancopalinic acid, CgH,.,0.; ; 

 {b) mancopalinic acid, CgHj^O.^ ; {c) 

 a-mancopalicacid, C|H,.,0., ; {d) b-man- 

 copalic acid, C|H,0,. 11. Mancopal- 

 resene (yield, 12 per cent), C.,H.,.,0. 

 III. Ethereal oil (yield, 6 per cent). 

 The properties of these constituents and 

 of some of their derivatives are described 

 in detail. 



The Action of Concentrated Nitric 

 Acid on Caoutchouc. R. Ditmar (Ber. 

 deutsch. chem. Ges., 35, 1401). The 

 oxidation with nitric acid yields a yel- 

 low, amorphous substance soluble in 

 ethyl acetate, benzaldehyde, and nitro- 

 benzol, insoluble in water, chloroform, 

 alcohol, benzol, and petroleum ether. 

 The substance has an indefinite melting 

 point (about 142 C.) and is decomposed 

 at higher temperatures. The analysis 

 indicates the formula C,oH,.,N,0. It is 

 soluble in alkalies, and is precipitated 

 from this solution by acids. The prop- 

 erties indicate that it is a monobasic 

 acid. 



The East Indian Papaya. Wm. Thos. 

 Fee (Consular Reports, 68, 259, 511). 

 The Papaya tree, Carica papaya, is found 



