344 



FORESTRY AND IRRIGATION. 



August, 



pentine. Iv. E. Andes (Chem. Rev. 

 Fett- und Harz- ind., 9, 6, 126). A 

 brief review of the properties, forms of 

 adulteration and substitution, and meth- 

 ods proposed for the detection of same. 

 The article presents no new facts. 



Genuine Japanese Rhus Lacquers. 

 (Oesterr. Farb- und Lack- ztg., 1902, 

 No. 4.) 



Analysis of Spent Alkali Liquor from 

 the Soda Process. M. L. Griffin ( Journ. 

 Am. Chem. Soc, 24, 3, 235). 



Oleo-distearin in the Fat of the Seeds 

 of Theobroma Cacao. R. Fritzweiler 



(Arbeit, a. d. kaiserl. Gesundh. Amte, 

 18) 371)- Heise first found this mixed 

 glyceride in the Mkanji fat of Stearo- 

 deiidron stuhlmanni Engl. , and the 

 Kokum butter of Ga;r/;^/a indica Choisy. 

 The author has obtained it from cacao 

 butter. Two hundred and fifty grams 

 of the fat were dissolved in a mixture 

 of 150CC. ether, 150CC. chloroform, and 

 150 cc. alcohol. The second deposit of 

 crystals obtained was purified, and 

 finally had the melting point 42.2-42.5 

 C. and was neutral. The analytical 

 data show it to be oleo-distearin. 



RECENT PUBLICATIONS. 



Insect Enemies of the Pine in the Black Hills 

 Forest Reserve. By A. D. Hopkins, Ph. D. 

 Bulletin No. 32, new series, Division of 

 Entomology, U. S. Department of Agri- 

 culture. Pp. 24. Plates VII, Figs. 5. 



The work reported in this bulletin by Dr. 

 Hopkins was undertaken at the request of Mr. 

 Gifford Pinchot, Chief of the Bureau of For- 

 estrj' , and under instructions from Dr. L. O. 

 Howard, Chief of the Division of Entomology. 



The investigations in the Black Hills Forest 

 Reserve were conducted in company with Mr. 

 Pinchot and Mr. Griffith, a field assistant in 

 the Bureau of Forestry. In traversing the 

 Black Hills Reserve vast numbers of Rock 

 Pine ( Pinus potiderosa scopiilorum ) were ob- 

 served that were dying or had died within 

 recent years, of sizes ranging in diameter from 

 4 inches to the largest trees. The dying trees 

 were found to occur in clumps of from a few 

 examples to many hundreds. 



Mr. H. S. Graves estimated in 1897 that 

 about 3,000 acres of pine in the Black Hills 

 Forest Reserve had been killed. Further data 

 furnished by the Bureau of Forestry show that 

 the actual amount of dead timber, as deter- 

 mined by a detailed survey of the timber re- 

 sources of the reserve in 1901, is "an average 

 stand of i ,956, feet board measure, of bug-killed 

 timber on 116,000 acres, giving a total of 

 226,890,000 feet, board measure." 



It is the general opinion among settlers and 

 others who have had an opportunity to note 

 the conditions afifecting the pine that the dy- 

 ing timber commenced to attract attention 

 about six or seven years ago, or about 1895. 

 The evidence found fay the writer in old dead 

 standing and felled trees, indicates that the 

 pine-destroying beetle has been present for a 

 much longer time. It was also evident that 

 much of the devastation supposed to have 

 been caused by forest fires was caused pri- 

 marily by insects. 



Many hundreds of trees were examined dur- 

 ing the investigation, including those that 

 were living and perfectly healthy, living and 



freshly attacked, infested and dying, recently 

 dead, and old dead ones which bore evidence 

 of having been killed by the pine-destroying 

 beetle. .\11 stages of the insect, including the 



Courtesy Div. of Entomology. 

 FRESHI^Y ATT.\CKED TREE, SHOWING PITCH 

 TUBES. .\DJOINING TREE NOT 

 ATT.\CKED. 



