I902. 



FORESTRY AND IRRIGATION. 



419 



operations. I may sug^^est that one of 

 the best kinds of boundar}- mark for a 

 state forest reserve will be a public 

 highway. 



Having provided a proper, easily no- 

 ticeable boundary to your reserve, and 

 having placed on it a sufficient force of 

 rangers, to combine the functions of 

 fire guards, game wardens, and trespass 

 agents, and having, moreover, impressed 

 the public mind with the idea that you 

 do not propose to let the timber go to 

 waste, but utilize it for the common 

 benefit, you will no longer be troubled 

 with wholesale trespasses. 



Further administrative regulations 

 may then easily be devised to facilitate 

 the work of the forest officials, and if 

 criminal prosecutions should there- 

 after become necessary, far less diffi- 

 cult}' will be found in convicting the 

 offenders. 



So far we have spoken principally of 

 trespasses on reserved lands of the state. 

 How about the public lands which it is 

 not intended to hold for permanent for- 

 ests ? These lands are in most states 

 scattered in parcels of quarter sections 

 and even less. Obvioush' it would not 

 be wise to spend money on marking 

 their boundaries or to maintain a force 

 of rangers for their protection. With 

 regard to them, it seems to me the best 

 policy, first of all, for each state having 

 such lands to determine at once which 



tracts it wishes to retain as forest re- 

 serves. Having set these aside, all 

 other lands ought to be disposed of as 

 rapidly as possible for a fair value and 

 to actual settlers only. In the mean- 

 time, if anybody helps himself to the 

 timber, he ought to be made to pay the 

 value of what he has cut. This merely 

 requires that trespass agents, state's 

 attorneys, and other officers do their 

 duty in enforcing such payment by civil 

 proceedings. In the case of lands which 

 are to be disposed of to settlers, the 

 state need not take into consideration 

 the injury done to the forest by im- 

 proper lumbering, as the forest is to be 

 cleared off in any event. 



Finally, as to trespasses on private 

 lands, the state evidentl}^ has no duty 

 to perform except to hold the courts 

 open for the redress of any injury of 

 which complaint is made. Private own- 

 ers can well afford to take steps for the 

 protection of their own holdings, and 

 will naturally do so whenever it appears 

 profitable. 



The conclusion, then, which we have 

 come to is that the trespass problem 

 will be solved by precisely the same 

 measures which will solve all other 

 problems connected with the forests of 

 this country, to wit, the introduction 

 into the management of our forests of 

 methods based on the art of scientific 

 forestrv. 



THE CLIMATE OF THE WHITE PINE BELT.= 



By Professor Alfred J. Henry, 



U. S. Weather Bureau. 



THE most striking feature of the 

 geographic distribution of the 

 White Pine, especially to the meteor- 

 ologist, is the fact that the region of 

 its occurrence, as a commercially valu- 

 able tree, coincides very closely with 

 the region of greatest storm frequency 

 in the United States. This fact seemed 

 to be of sufficient interest to warrant a 

 brief examination of the climate of that 

 portion of the country in which the 



White Pine reaches its fullest develop- 

 ment. 



The botanical range of the White 

 Pine is rather wide, and its adaptability 

 to different climates is, on the whole, 

 of a rather high order. It does not 

 flourish in warm climates, nor to a 

 marked degree on the lowlands of the 

 interior valleys and Atlantic coast states, 

 but in the cloudy, humid regions in 

 and around the Great Eakes and far to 



Read at the Summer Meeting of the American Forestry Association. 



