1902. 



FORESTRY AND IRRIGATION. 



503 



are entirely replaced by a dense for- 

 est of Engehnann vSpruce {Picca E)igci- 

 iainii)^r\6. x\lpine V\r( Abies lasiocarpa) . 

 The best development of the pine is 

 always on northerly exposures; but 

 the distribution is much more gen- 

 eral in some regions than in others. 

 The greatest amount of timber is in the 

 Chiricahua Mountains, where the 50,000 

 acres of forest are estimated to average 

 5,000 feet, b. m., to the acre. On small 

 areas in various places in these moun- 

 tains the stand is much more dense. 

 Mr. B. B. Riggs, who has a saw-mill at 

 an elevation of 8,000 feet in Barfoot 

 Park, estimates that in the immediate 

 vicinity of the mill 400 acres of forest 

 will yield 10,000 feet to the acre, which 

 seems to be a safe estimate. 



On one acre of mixed Bull Pine and 

 Douglas Spruce, where the latter species 

 predominates, 20 trees have been felled 

 which average 36 inches across the 

 stump and at least 1,000 board feet per 

 tree. There are 3'et standing on this 

 acre 35 trees averaging 25 inches in 

 diameter, and 40 or 50 tnider 4 inches 

 which were not measured. This is the 

 best sample acre examined. 



The rate of growth of the Bull Pine 

 in southern Arizona is very rapid and 

 practically the same in the various re- 

 gions. The following ring counts were 

 made on .stumps at the Riggs Mill : 



This gives 5.1 rings per inch of diam- 

 eter. The average growth for the first 

 30 3-ears is about y'l inch in diameter 

 per year. The maximum diameter at- 

 tained is 48 to 50 inches, breast high. 



ridgy bark is re- 

 Jack ; ' ' but in- 

 species it would 



The best tree seen had a length of 132 

 feet, and of this 84 feet was clear log. 

 It was 42 inches across the stump, had 

 220 rings, and scaled 4,000 board feet. 



While the Bull Pine is the principal 

 source of local lumber supply, the qual- 

 ity is poor. It is knotty, rather brash, 

 and often contains rotten streaks. There 

 are many blind knots. On the first cut 

 only one or two may be seen, w^hile on 

 the last there are often ten or fifteen. 

 The lumber, however, is in much de- 

 mand for mining and other purposes, as 

 it can be delivered for $25 per i ,coo feet 

 at places where lumber shipped in costs 

 $60. 



Here, as elsewhere, saw-mill men 

 speak of two types of Bull Pine, and 

 maintain stoutly that they are di.stinct 

 species. The large, mature tree with 

 characteristic plates of yellow bark is 

 called " Yellow Pine," while the green, 

 sapp3' tree with dark, 

 ferred to as "Black 

 stead of making new 

 seem better to classify the Arizona Pine 

 as a form of Bull Pine. It grows with 

 the latter, has bark of either the " Black 

 Jack " or " Yellow Pine " type, its cones 

 are commonly indistinguishable, and it 

 is cut by mill men without discrimina- 

 tion. The needles of the Arizona Pine 

 grow in bundles of five, according to 

 the botanies, bitt there are many of four 

 and some of six. On the other hand, 

 the needles of the Bull Pine are far from 

 being restricted to bundles of three. In 

 a lot of no bundles on one twig were 

 found 41 bundles of three needles each, 

 51 of four each, 14 of five each, and one 

 of six. A lot of 183 bundles from an- 

 other tree contained 114 bundles of 

 three needles each, 64 of four each, and 

 five of five. 



The Rock Pine {Pimts po}iderosa scop- 

 idonn?i) was not noted in southern Ari- 

 zona, but grows farther north in the 

 territor}'. 



The reproduction of the Bull Pine is 

 at present insufficient and unsatisfactory 

 as a general thing. The best reproduc- 

 tion is in the Huachuca Mountains, 

 where it compares quite favorably with 

 that of the Pine Ridge country of Ne- 

 braska. On small areas are found 



