278 G - F - McEwen. 



because of the increase in the sun's heating effect. But along this 

 course the rise continued only till ahout 10 A.M. when the tempera- 

 ture began to fall as the coast was approached till the same tempe- 

 rature 20 was found at 1 P.M., nearly the warmest part of the day 

 as was normal for early morning 8 miles out to sea. Thus as the day 

 advanced and the heating effect of the sun increased, the positions of 

 the points of observation were nearer the coast where the maximum 

 upwelling occurs, so the temperature distribution shown is the resul- 

 tant of two effects, while the actual distribution at any given instant 

 would be more like that shown by (Fig. 16). 



An interesting and peculiar distribution of surface temperatures 

 was observed during August 1911, adjacent to the coast and islands 

 in the neighborhood of Point Conception. From Santa Barbara to Point 

 Conception the coast runs nearly due west, but trends slightly to the 

 north. On August 18, 6 A.M. the surface temperature near the coast 

 12 miles east of Point Conception was 18,4, but fell to 15,8 at 9 A.M. 

 within 3 miles of the Point. This low temperature would result from 

 an intrusion of cold surface water driven by the local winds to the 

 southeast from the region west of the Point where the necessary con- 

 ditions for considerable upwelling prevail. 



On a line running 25 miles southeast of Santa Rosa Island an 

 average surface temperature of 16 was observed, the value farthest 

 out being 15,1 at 7 P. M., Aug. 21. And at the latter position a 

 strong wind was blowing toward the southeast about parallel to the 

 contours of the ocean bottom, while the depth was about 1500 meters, 

 so the low temperature must have been due to upwelling which 

 would evidently result under such conditions, if Ekman's theory is 

 correct. 



Near the coast (within 1 or 2 miles) between Point Dume and 

 Point Mugh, latitude 34 the low temperature of 14,2 was observed 

 on Aug. 17, 6:30 A.M., the temperatures being higher both to the 

 north and to the south. The rise of temperature per mile of distance 

 north or south was a maximum near the place where the actual tem- 

 perature was a minimum. A temperature of 20 was noted both 

 at Santa Barbara and at San Pedro each city being about 55 miles 

 away. 



Now this region of minimum temperatures opens freely to the 

 southwest, and is at the head of a submarine valley, the depth being 

 900 meters only 5 miles out, and increasing to 1800 meters 40 miles 

 out. The deepest portion runs to the southwest of the coast. 



