244 G' F. Me E wen. 



VI. Th'e solution of the above problem for four very different regions 

 along the Pacific Coast, and a comparison of the observed and cal- 

 culated values. 



VII. A discussion of the results, and additional test of the theory 

 using the observations made by the Marine Biological Association of 

 San Diego in a much more limited area. 



VIII. Some remarks on the influence of ocean temperatures on the 

 coast climate of California. 



IX. Summary and conclusion. 



I. Some generally accepted facts regarding oceanic temperatures and 



circulation. 



Under normal conditions, such as prevail in mid-ocean, the surface 

 temperatures are subject to periodic changes with the seasons similar 

 to the temperature 1 ) variations in the air over the land as shown by the 

 curves (Figs. 1 and 2). But the range of the ocean temperatures is only 

 about half as much. The estimated daily range for the ocean is about 

 2, while that for the air is about 10. Observations show that in the 

 ocean the daily temperature change does not extend below a depth of 

 10 to 20 meters, and the annual change can not be detected below 

 200 meters. The curve (Fig. 3) illustrates in a general way how 1he 

 temperature varies with the distance below the surface. Water more 

 than 200 meters below the surface has a temperature decreasing from 

 10 as the distance downward increases, often reaching the value zero 

 on the ocean bottom, even at the equator. But the presence of several 

 limited regions in which the temperature distribution differs notably from 

 the normal, both with reference to depth and time of year has long 

 been recognized, and considerable discussion relative to the reason for 

 their existence has been carried on. 



The question of the distribution of temperatures in the sea is so 

 intimately connected with that of the character of its currents that it 

 is practically impossible to separate them entirely. Consequently, as 

 soon as one leaves the general question of the mean temperature of a 

 given area, and wishes to decide whether that temperature is normal, 

 and if not, from whence and how it is derived, the features of oceanic 

 circulation must at once make part of the discussion. 



*) All temperatures are in the Centigrade scale. 



