INDEX 



489 



tion of fossil elephants, 87 ; origin of 

 Cervidae, 110 ; middle Miocene 

 fauna, 112 ; fossil-beds of western 

 America, 119, 120 ; faunal phases 

 in North America, 120 122 ; cause 

 of extinction of species, 146 ; Oligo- 

 cene horses, 147 ; Lower Pleistocene 

 mammals, 153 ; mammal horizons, 

 correlation of, 226, 227 ; Eocene 



^ affinities between Europe and North 

 America, 228 ; Oligocene affinities 



^between Europe and America, 229, 

 230, 294, 357 ; on Miocene and' Plio- 

 cene faunas, 230, 231 ; origin of 

 Central America, 243 ; armadillo in 

 Eocene beds of North America, 244; 

 dispersal of manatees, 279 ; geo- 

 logical evolution of South America, 

 341, 342 ; origin of North Ameri- 

 can bears, 351 ; tapirs in North 

 America, 352, 353 ; Miocene eden- 

 tates in North America, 358, 402, 

 409 ; Miocene sea in Amazon valley, 

 360 ; Eocene deposits in Patagonia, 

 367 ; on absence of land-connection 

 between South America and Old 

 World, 371 ; ancestors of camels, 

 407 ; Antarctic continent, 419 



OSGOOD, reindeer in Alaska, 5 ; on 

 Scaphoceros, 155 



Ostriches, present and former range, 

 373, 374 



Otocryptops, 382 



Otostomus (see Drymaeus). 



Otter, in Newfoundland, 56 ; in Pleis- 

 tocene deposits, 153 



Ovibos, distribution, 6 9, 86 ; an- 

 cestry, 154, 155 ; moschatus mac- 

 kenzianus, 59 



Ovis, nivicola, 85, 86, 105 ; borealis, 

 86 ; canadensis , 104 ; scafhoceras, 

 105 ; cavifrons, 155 



Oxystyla undata, 176 



Oxytelus, 391 



Pacific continent, evidence for the 

 former existence of, 321 328 ; pro- 

 bable subsidence before Tertiary 

 Era, 328 



Pacific land-belt, theory of, 409, 410, 

 427 429 ; southern faunistic affi- 

 nities explained, 426 



Pacific islands, geological formation 

 of, 322, 326 



PACKARD, Labrador fauna and flora, 

 27; subterranean faunas, 165; South 

 Atlantic land-bridge, 381 



Paddle-fish in Mississippi, 88, 89 



PAGENSTECHER, affinities of Greenland 

 lepidoptera, 22 ; lepidoptera of 

 Kocky Mountains and Europe, 117 

 butterflies of Florida, 179 ; Cali- 

 fornian butterflies and moths, 214 ; 

 on Antillean lepidoptera, 289 



Palaemonetes, 291 



Palaeolagus, 226 



Palaeolama, 406 



Palaeomastodon, 358 



Palaeomeryx, 112 



Palpigrada, 217 



Panama, isthmus of, geology of, 236, 

 237 ; date of submergence of, 238; 

 sunken land westward of, 331 



Pangolin, 372 



Panolopus, 281 



Panopeus bermudensis , 333 



Paramylodon, 153 



Parascalops breweri, 142 



Parastacidae, 420, 424, 426, 432 



Parastacus, 405 



Pardosa groenlandica, 36 



Parnassius, range of genus, 90, 91 ; 

 nomion, 90 ; sminthus, 90 ; thor, 

 90 ; clodius, 90 ; clarius, 90 



Paroxya bermudensis, 189 



Parrot, Florida, 159, 172 ; in Central 

 America, 250 ; showing affinity be- 

 tween Africa and America, 373 



Parus, 56 



Patagonia, fossil fauna of, 398 404 ; 

 land-connection with western North 

 America, 402 ; affinities to south 

 Africa, Australia, and New Zealand, 

 405416 



Patula, solitaria, 72 ; striatella, 72 



PAULCKE, cretaceous deposits in South 

 America, 359 



PAULMIER (see ECKEL). 



Peccary in North America, 153, 156 ^ 



Pectinator, 372 



