xiv WILLIAM BARTRAM AMONG INDIANS 191 



" sending men of ability and virtue, under the authority 

 of the government, as friendly visitors into their towns : 

 let these men be instructed to learn perfectly their 

 languages, and by a liberal and friendly intimacy become 

 acquainted with their customs and usages, religious and 

 civil ; their system of legislation and police, as well as 

 their most ancient and present traditions and history. 

 These men would be qualified to judge equitably, and 

 when returned to us, to make true and just reports, which 

 might assist the legislature of the United States to form, 

 and offer to them, a judicious plan for their civilisation 

 and union with us." 



William Bartram became an acknowledged botanist. 

 He might have been professor at the Philadelphia Univer- 

 sity, but he was content to dig, barefoot and coarsely 

 clad, in the ancient garden, where Cutler found him in 

 1787, and where he lived on for many years with his 

 brother John, drawing and botanising to the last. He 

 died there, a very old man, in I823. 1 



Besides the Bartrams, there were other Pennsylvanians 

 employed by Fothergill to collect North American plants 

 and seeds for his garden, as well as to send him curious 

 animals, birds, reptiles and insects. 2 He got much help 

 from Humphry Marshall, a Friend, cousin to the Bartrams, 



1 W. Bartram, Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, E. & W. 

 Florida, etc., Phila., 1791 ; London, 1792 and 1794 ; Dublin, 1793 ; and trans, 

 by Benoist, Paris, 1799. In the Library of the Brit. Mus. Herbarium are two 

 small volumes of portions of his journals, in Bartram's handwriting ; also a 

 large volume of drawings of plants, birds and reptiles, exquisitely drawn and 

 coloured : probably these were originally sent to Fothergill. In Frds. Ref. 

 Lib. (MSS. Gibson, iv. 19) is a memo., dated April 2, 1773, and signed by 

 Wm. Bartram, that he had " received of Lionel Chalmers 73 : IDS., [in the 

 debased currency of the colonies] equal in value to 10 guineas, towards de- 

 fraying my charges in search of plants," etc. See MS. Letters, J. F. to Dr. 

 Chalmers, Oct. 23, 1772, also to J. & W. Bartram, in Bartram MSS. vol. iv., 

 Hist. Soc. Penna. See also Darlington, op. cit. ; Harshberger, op. cit. ; Life 

 of Rev. Manasseh Cutler, i. 258, 272 ; also Mr. J. Britten's forthcoming 

 work on the Sloane Herbarium. W. Baldwin in 1817 gave the name of 

 Lantana Bartramii to a beautiful golden-flowered shrub akin to Viburnum, 

 which W. Bartram had found in Florida : it is now known as Lantana 

 camara. The genus Bartramia of Salisbury, 1796, is now included in 

 Pentstemon. 



2 Thomas Lees' collections (1769 to 1771) proved of little value : William 

 Young also made searches for him, more zealous than discreet : two volumes, 

 containing over 300 of his dried plants and coloured drawings from N. Carolina 

 in 1767, were in Fothergill's library. 



