xxiv WITHDRAWAL OF THE FRIENDS 313 



led to the Hicksite schism early in the nineteenth century. 

 Down to the present day Philadelphian Quakerism has 

 stood for conservatism, and has represented more nearly 

 than is to be found elsewhere the Quakerism of the 

 eighteenth century. Deep founded upon the convictions 

 and traditions of the past, it saw no room for the advance 

 in thought and practice which other bodies were making, 

 and for many years it stood outside of the general fellow- 

 ship of the society in other lands. But the special gifts 

 and the ancient spiritual inheritance of the Friends of 

 this State have come to find a wider scope and influence 

 during recent years. 1 



1 The chief sources for this and the preceding chapter are the historical 

 works of Isaac Sharpless, A Quaker Experiment in Government, 1898, The 

 Quakers in the Revolution, 1899, and the chapters contributed to Rufus M. 

 Jones's Quakers in the American Colonies, 1911; also Proud, Pennsylvania; 

 Bowden, History of Friends in America ; Lecky, History of England in the 

 Eighteenth Century ; MS. Minutes of Meeting for Sufferings, and Book of 

 Epistles Sent, Society of Friends, London, 1741-1756. Some of the Letters 

 of J. Fothergill, I. and J. Pemberton and other Friends are printed in the 

 Friend, Phila., the Amer. Phil. Soc, Calendar, and the Memoirs of S. Fothergill. 

 Many are preserved in the Etting MSS. ; also in Frds. Ref. Lib. 



