The Ailments of Horses. 11 



the occurrence of broken back. Paralysis, 

 behind the seat of breakage, results. 



Bladder, inflammation of. — Inflam- 

 mation of the bladder is not a common 

 afi'ection by any means. 



The cause, symptoms, and treatment 

 are matters for the skill of the veterinary 

 surgeon. 



Bladder, stone within. — Calculi fre- 

 quently occur in the bladder of both the 

 mare and the horse. Such may or may 

 not be formed in this situation. If the 

 calculus is a small one, it is quite pos- 

 sible for it to be expelled during the act 

 of urination. 



The flow of urine may be either im- 

 peded or completely stopped, through 

 stone blocking the outlet of the blad- 

 der, or lodging in some portion of the 

 passage. 



Kemoval of the stone or stones can be 

 effected by operation (lithotomy). 

 Blood-spavin. See Spavin. 

 Bog-spavin. See Spavin. 

 Bone-spavin. See Spavin. 

 Bot-fly.— This fly is about during the 

 months of May, June, July, and August. 

 It deposits its egg upon the hairs of the 

 horse, especially about the knees, anus, 

 shoulders, &c. 



By some not very well-understood 

 means the larval stage of the fly gains an 

 entry into the horse's stomach, and barrel- 

 shaY)ed larvae attach themselves to the 

 gullet end of the stomach lining. 



In the following spring these let go 

 their hold, and pass out with the dung. 



