74 The Ailments of Horses. 



of the windpipe, are other causes of 

 roaring. 



If the morbid growth can be removed, 

 then the roaring - as such is but a symp- 

 tom of disease — can be cured. 



Many horses work throughout their 

 lives with an air " inlet " and " outlet " 

 tube fixed in their windpipe — indeed, this 

 is the best palliative for hereditary roaring. 



It is the lighter breeds of horses that 

 are the usual sufferers. 



Grunting, when a feint is made to 

 strike the horse, points to the animal 

 being " touched in his wind," though by 

 no means must it be regarded as positive 

 evidence witliout further trial. Put the 

 horse to severe exertion. 



Ruptures. — The commonest rupture is 

 found at the navel in colts, foals, and 

 fillies. This constitutes umbilical hernia. 

 As a rule it disappears as the animal grows 

 older. If not, an operation is called for. 



Scrotal rupture is sometimes seen. The 

 bowel passes into the testicular bag, 

 and sometimes hangs down between the 

 legs, if large. The danger rests in 

 the liability towards strangulation of the 

 bowel. An operation is needed. 



S 



Saddle-galls. — These are produced by 

 an ill-fitting saddle, and correspond to 

 "shoulder" and "girth" galls, also car- 

 bine-bucket galls, shoe-case galls, sword- 

 galls, &c. 



Loss of flesh predisposes to saddle- 

 galling. Careless riding, long rides, and 



